https://cius-archives.ca/items/browse?tags=settlement&output=atom2024-03-28T18:39:31-06:00Omekahttps://cius-archives.ca/items/show/2134 On April 9, 2013, Taras Lupul (Department of International Relations, Yurii Fedkovych National University) gave a seminar about the fourth wave of Ukrainian immigration to Canada.]]>2018-07-13T16:26:17-06:00
On April 9, 2013, Taras Lupul (Department of International Relations, Yurii Fedkovych National University) gave a seminar about the fourth wave of Ukrainian immigration to Canada.
]]>https://cius-archives.ca/items/show/2071 On November 7, 2008, Taras Lupul (Department of History, Political Science and International Relations, Yurii Fedkovych National University of Chernivtsi), gave a seminar on the topic: “The Fourth Wave of Ukrainian Immigration to Canada as Depicted in the Literature of Ukrainian Canadianists”
On November 7, 2008, Taras Lupul (Department of History, Political Science and International Relations, Yurii Fedkovych National University of Chernivtsi), gave a seminar on the topic: “The Fourth Wave of Ukrainian Immigration to Canada as Depicted in the Literature of Ukrainian Canadianists”
]]>https://cius-archives.ca/items/show/2038 On 6-8 September 1991, CIUS marked the Ukrainian Canadian centenary with a conference on selected aspects of Ukrainian life in Canada in the years between 1924 and 1951. Coinciding with the release of Orest Martynowych's landmark monograph, Ukrainians in Canada: The Formative Years, 1891-1924, the conference was designed as a first step toward creating a research base for writing the interwar history of Ukrainians in Canada. This period, in contrast to the well-studied pioneer immigration and prairie settlement experience, has received relatively little scholarly attention, despite it being so critical to both the crystallizing Ukrainian Canadian community and ongoing integration into Canadian life. Accordingly, it was CIUS’s plan to attract papers on as wide an array of topics as possible, avoiding broad generalities in favour of more limited but illuminating profiles and case studies.
In this recording Oleksandr Sych of the Faculty of History at University of Chernivtsi outlines the occupations held by Ukrainian immigrants in Canada between the wars.
On 6-8 September 1991, CIUS marked the Ukrainian Canadian centenary with a conference on selected aspects of Ukrainian life in Canada in the years between 1924 and 1951. Coinciding with the release of Orest Martynowych's landmark monograph, Ukrainians in Canada: The Formative Years, 1891-1924, the conference was designed as a first step toward creating a research base for writing the interwar history of Ukrainians in Canada. This period, in contrast to the well-studied pioneer immigration and prairie settlement experience, has received relatively little scholarly attention, despite it being so critical to both the crystallizing Ukrainian Canadian community and ongoing integration into Canadian life. Accordingly, it was CIUS’s plan to attract papers on as wide an array of topics as possible, avoiding broad generalities in favour of more limited but illuminating profiles and case studies.
In this recording Oleksandr Sych of the Faculty of History at University of Chernivtsi outlines the occupations held by Ukrainian immigrants in Canada between the wars.
The seminar, "The Methodist Church and Ukrainians in Canada, 1901-1925: A Study in Assimilation Policy," was given by Vivian Olender on October 23. Anglo-Celtic Canadians at the turn of the twentieth century believed Canada should develop as a homogeneous, white Anglo-Saxon and Protestant (WASP) nation; the concept of a pluralistic and multicultural society was incomprehensible. Ukrainian immigrants, in particular, were treated as members of an inferior race and culture. During this period Canadian Methodists believed WASP culture to be the Christian culture, and their church to be Church of Christ . Thus religious sanction was given to both the superiority of WASP culture and the prevailing prejudice against Ukrainians. In Methodist literature of the period, Ukrainians are described as "dirty, unkempt, and unlettered children." Ukrainians are similar in appearance to Anglo-Celts but "most of them are shorter and stouter and maybe more dark faces." They also wear a "strange attire of innumerable layers" so that it is difficult to distinguish the men from the women.
An extensive programme of home missions was established in Ukrainian bloc settlements on the prairies to preach the gospel of salvation by assimilation and adoption of WASP, middle-class values. Methodists concentrated on the Ukrainians because they belonged to the inferior Slavic race and were members of a decadent church. Second, Ukrainians immigrated in large numbers and were highly visible in their traditional peasant clothes. Third and most important, Ukrainians settled in large bloc colonies which hindered assimilation. Methodists were concerned that the unassimilated Ukrainians would use the power of their vote to bring Canada down to the Ukrainian level.
Converts who joined the Methodist church were alienated from their fellow Ukrainians because they were compelled to accept the WASP lifestyle and with it, a condemnation of Ukrainian culture. Ukrainians considered these individuals to be traitors. Ironically, the main result of the Methodist home mission programme was to reinforce the identification of Ukrainian ethnicity with the Ukrainian Catholic or Orthodox churches.
Description: CIUS Seminar Audio Part 1 and 2. Part 2 audio begins at 4:45.
The seminar, "The Methodist Church and Ukrainians in Canada, 1901-1925: A Study in Assimilation Policy," was given by Vivian Olender on October 23. Anglo-Celtic Canadians at the turn of the twentieth century believed Canada should develop as a homogeneous, white Anglo-Saxon and Protestant (WASP) nation; the concept of a pluralistic and multicultural society was incomprehensible. Ukrainian immigrants, in particular, were treated as members of an inferior race and culture. During this period Canadian Methodists believed WASP culture to be the Christian culture, and their church to be Church of Christ . Thus religious sanction was given to both the superiority of WASP culture and the prevailing prejudice against Ukrainians. In Methodist literature of the period, Ukrainians are described as "dirty, unkempt, and unlettered children." Ukrainians are similar in appearance to Anglo-Celts but "most of them are shorter and stouter and maybe more dark faces." They also wear a "strange attire of innumerable layers" so that it is difficult to distinguish the men from the women.
An extensive programme of home missions was established in Ukrainian bloc settlements on the prairies to preach the gospel of salvation by assimilation and adoption of WASP, middle-class values. Methodists concentrated on the Ukrainians because they belonged to the inferior Slavic race and were members of a decadent church. Second, Ukrainians immigrated in large numbers and were highly visible in their traditional peasant clothes. Third and most important, Ukrainians settled in large bloc colonies which hindered assimilation. Methodists were concerned that the unassimilated Ukrainians would use the power of their vote to bring Canada down to the Ukrainian level.
Converts who joined the Methodist church were alienated from their fellow Ukrainians because they were compelled to accept the WASP lifestyle and with it, a condemnation of Ukrainian culture. Ukrainians considered these individuals to be traitors. Ironically, the main result of the Methodist home mission programme was to reinforce the identification of Ukrainian ethnicity with the Ukrainian Catholic or Orthodox churches.
]]>https://cius-archives.ca/items/show/1943 Professor Isajiw, of the Department of Sociology, University of Toronto, presented a seminar on February 9 entitled "Class and Ethnicity in the Ukrainian Group in Canada." It elaborated on a theme discussed earlier at a seminar in Edmonton.
Professor Isajiw' s presentation centered on the question of whether class or ethnicity is more important in explaining the behaviour of an ethnic group. Professor Isajiw outlined the economic-occupational history of Ukrainians in Canada, based on official censuses. Although there has been a large and rapid decrease in the number of Ukrainians occupied in farming, Ukrainians still remain comparatively underrepresented in white collar occupations and trail behind the general labor force and most other ethnic groups, including other Slavs, in level of education and average income. The social standing of Ukrainians, as viewed subjectively by others, is quite low—in the same category as Mediterranean, Central European, and other East European immigrants.
This could be attributed to the class background and occupations of the first Ukrainian immigrants. Before World War II, the peasants from western Ukraine were funnelled into farming and unskilled jobs. Their maintenance of traditional values delayed social mobility. Not until after World War II, when Ukrainians with a higher level of education arrived, did the social composition of Ukrainians become differentiated. However due to their lack of knowledge of English, the absence of an employment placement network, and because the pre-war Ukrainian immigrants were still low on the occupational scale, the latest immigrants suffered a process of declassing; their jobs rarely reflected their educational backgrounds.
The government lacked institutions which could absorb immigrant talents. Hence, the declassed immigrants entered existing ethnic organizations, imposing new cultural values on them. A class phenomenon, it was an attempt to maintain the status and prestige they had possessed in Ukraine. The emigre organizations acted as vehicles for social mobility, especially for those former peasants whose status had risen as a result of political participation. These organizations, aimed at cultural ethnic preservation and not entrance into Canadian society, articulated group rather than individual values. A result of the ethnic structure in Ukraine, where Ukrainian ethnicity has always been "under seige," they overemphasized ethnicity as a means of cultural perpetuation among Ukrainians more so than other ethnic groups. Language was crucial in distinguishing the Ukrainians from Poles or Russians.
The speaker concluded that to explain the socio-economic situation of Ukrainians in Canada one must use both the concepts of class (power, prestige, wealth) and ethnicity (ancestry, culture, value, customs, socialization).
Professor Isajiw, of the Department of Sociology, University of Toronto, presented a seminar on February 9 entitled "Class and Ethnicity in the Ukrainian Group in Canada." It elaborated on a theme discussed earlier at a seminar in Edmonton.
Professor Isajiw' s presentation centered on the question of whether class or ethnicity is more important in explaining the behaviour of an ethnic group. Professor Isajiw outlined the economic-occupational history of Ukrainians in Canada, based on official censuses. Although there has been a large and rapid decrease in the number of Ukrainians occupied in farming, Ukrainians still remain comparatively underrepresented in white collar occupations and trail behind the general labor force and most other ethnic groups, including other Slavs, in level of education and average income. The social standing of Ukrainians, as viewed subjectively by others, is quite low—in the same category as Mediterranean, Central European, and other East European immigrants.
This could be attributed to the class background and occupations of the first Ukrainian immigrants. Before World War II, the peasants from western Ukraine were funnelled into farming and unskilled jobs. Their maintenance of traditional values delayed social mobility. Not until after World War II, when Ukrainians with a higher level of education arrived, did the social composition of Ukrainians become differentiated. However due to their lack of knowledge of English, the absence of an employment placement network, and because the pre-war Ukrainian immigrants were still low on the occupational scale, the latest immigrants suffered a process of declassing; their jobs rarely reflected their educational backgrounds.
The government lacked institutions which could absorb immigrant talents. Hence, the declassed immigrants entered existing ethnic organizations, imposing new cultural values on them. A class phenomenon, it was an attempt to maintain the status and prestige they had possessed in Ukraine. The emigre organizations acted as vehicles for social mobility, especially for those former peasants whose status had risen as a result of political participation. These organizations, aimed at cultural ethnic preservation and not entrance into Canadian society, articulated group rather than individual values. A result of the ethnic structure in Ukraine, where Ukrainian ethnicity has always been "under seige," they overemphasized ethnicity as a means of cultural perpetuation among Ukrainians more so than other ethnic groups. Language was crucial in distinguishing the Ukrainians from Poles or Russians.
The speaker concluded that to explain the socio-economic situation of Ukrainians in Canada one must use both the concepts of class (power, prestige, wealth) and ethnicity (ancestry, culture, value, customs, socialization).
]]>https://cius-archives.ca/items/show/1895 Using census and statistical material from W. Darcovich and P. Yuzyk (eds.), "Statistical Compendium on Ukrainian Canadians, 1891-1977" and material from a survey of historical and sociological literature, the first seminar in the Institute's series at the University of Toronto provided a social and demographic framework for the study of Ukrainian-Canadian women. The paper entitled, "The Changing Status of Ukrainian-Canadian Women," outlined some basic social characteristics of Ukrainian-Canadian women from 1921 to 1971. The data examined included periods of immigration, regional distribution, urban-rural distribution, country of birth, and age distribution. The paper discussed the participation of Ukrainian- Canadian women in the paid work force, and particularly women's changing occupational patterns. / According to the 1971 census, the overwhelming majority of Ukrainian-Canadian women were Canadian-born and approximated the overall Canadian female urban-rural distribution. An approximation to Canadian norms was also found in occupational and educational patterns. In 1921, on the other hand, Ukrainian-Canadian women were grossly over represented in the educational category "illiterate" and the occupational categories "agriculture and service." In 1971, they were still slightly over represented in the category of those with only elementary education. In occupational categories Ukrainian-Canadian women were still slightly overrepresented in the service and agricultural categories. / The paper suggested that the patterns of occupational and educational change were primarily explained by socio-economic changes in society which affected the participation of all women in the work force. Factors such as the growth of the "clerical" as opposed to the "service" sector and the sex-segregation of jobs were discussed. Provisional explanations for the social patterns among Ukrainian-Canadian women discussed the role of ethnic discrimination, the specific historical experience of Ukrainian Canadians, and Ukrainian-Canadian socialization.
Using census and statistical material from W. Darcovich and P. Yuzyk (eds.), "Statistical Compendium on Ukrainian Canadians, 1891-1977" and material from a survey of historical and sociological literature, the first seminar in the Institute's series at the University of Toronto provided a social and demographic framework for the study of Ukrainian-Canadian women. The paper entitled, "The Changing Status of Ukrainian-Canadian Women," outlined some basic social characteristics of Ukrainian-Canadian women from 1921 to 1971. The data examined included periods of immigration, regional distribution, urban-rural distribution, country of birth, and age distribution. The paper discussed the participation of Ukrainian- Canadian women in the paid work force, and particularly women's changing occupational patterns. / According to the 1971 census, the overwhelming majority of Ukrainian-Canadian women were Canadian-born and approximated the overall Canadian female urban-rural distribution. An approximation to Canadian norms was also found in occupational and educational patterns. In 1921, on the other hand, Ukrainian-Canadian women were grossly over represented in the educational category "illiterate" and the occupational categories "agriculture and service." In 1971, they were still slightly over represented in the category of those with only elementary education. In occupational categories Ukrainian-Canadian women were still slightly overrepresented in the service and agricultural categories. / The paper suggested that the patterns of occupational and educational change were primarily explained by socio-economic changes in society which affected the participation of all women in the work force. Factors such as the growth of the "clerical" as opposed to the "service" sector and the sex-segregation of jobs were discussed. Provisional explanations for the social patterns among Ukrainian-Canadian women discussed the role of ethnic discrimination, the specific historical experience of Ukrainian Canadians, and Ukrainian-Canadian socialization.