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                <text>CIUS Seminar Audio Part 1 and 2.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The seventh Institute seminar at the University of Alberta was presented on 15 January 1980 by Karol Adamowicz, a graduate student in the Department of Educational Foundations. He spoke on "Ukrainian Education in Interwar Poland," focusing on the elementary level. The so-called utraquization of Ukrainian schools, their conversion from a single language of instruction (Ukrainian) to two (Ukrainian and Polish) , tended to poison Polish-Ukrainian relations in the interwar era. The originator of the programme, the National Democrat Stanislaw Grabski, claimed that utraquization would improve these relations. In reality utraquist schools were instruments of Polonization. Ukrainian-language schools were systematically phased out at a rate very nearly proportional to the rate of increase in utraquist schools. As a result, by 1939 very little remained of the Ukrainian educational system that had been established in Galicia under Austrian rule.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Found in &lt;a href="http://cius-archives.ca/items/show/1575"&gt;CIUS &lt;span style="font-size:13px;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;font-style:normal;"&gt;Newsletter Vol 4 Issue 2 (Winter 1980) &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:13px;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;font-style:normal;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;</text>
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