The National Awakening in Ukraine, 1859–1863: Students in Kharkiv and Kyiv Universities
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CIUS Seminar Audio Part 1 and 2.<br /><br />Dr. Roman Serbyn, of the history department at Universite du Quebec a Montreal, presented this year's last seminar which was entitled, "The National Awakening in Ukraine, 1859–1863: Students in Kharkiv and Kiev Universities."<br /><br />Heightened student activism emerging in post- Crimean Russia took on a specific, national coloring in the two universities situated in Ukraine. During this first "movement to the people", student activists drew closer to the common folk and, through the Ukrainian peasantry and the still un-Russified nascent working class, rediscovered Ukrainian language and culture. As "khlopophilism" blended with "Ukrainophilism" student activism found intellectual reinforcement in the Romantic literary tradition of the popular works of Taras Shevchenko and Marko Vovchok, as well as in the Ukrainian schools of Polish and Russian literature. A desire to promote the Ukrainian language, as well as a feeling of social debt, prompted students to set up Ukrainian language Sunday schools.<br /><br />More radical students organized in clandestine groups such as the revolutionary-minded Kharkiv Secret Political Society and the more moderate, or at least more heterogenous, Kyiv Student Hromada. Ukrainian student radicalism, leaning towards an eventually autonomous if not completely independent Ukraine, was acquiring a national consciousness and beginning to assert itself as a movement allied to, but independent of, Polish and Russian movements. The Ukrainian movement was also winning a grudging recognition, from Poles and Russians, as a partner in the common struggle against the tsarist regime. This development was cut short by the aborted Polish insurrection and renewed repression against Ukrainians. From then on, Ukrainophilism fell back into political moderation while the Russian radical movements siphoned off Ukrainian radicals into their own increasingly centralist organizations.<br /><br />Found in <a href="http://cius-archives.ca/items/show/1572">CIUS </a><span style="font-size:13px;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;font-style:normal;"><a href="http://cius-archives.ca/items/show/1572">Newsletter Vol 3 Issue 2 (Spring 1979)</a> </span>
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CIUS
March 26, 1979
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English, Ukrainian
2012: Ukraine and the Russian Question
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<span style="font-size:13px;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;font-style:normal;">CIUS Shevchenko Annual Lecture audio.<br /><br />Co-organized by CIUS and the Ukrainian Professional and Business Club of Edmonton, the forty- sixth Shevchenko lecture at the University of Alberta was given by James Sherr, a senior fellow of the Russia and Eurasia Programme at the Royal Institute of International Affairs (London), who spoke on “Ukraine and the Russian Question” (9 March 2012).<br /><br /> Mr. Sherr analyzed the Russian factor in the current Ukrainian historical and political situation. Speaking about the legacy of Kyivan Rus' which Russians claim as the wellspring of the imperial tradition constructed by their eighteenth-century tsars, he noted that while some specifics of the Russo- Ukrainian relationship may have changed with Ukraine’s declaration of independence in 1991, its fundamental nature has not. He referred in particular to the complex issue of identity, which has been at the core of recurring tensions between the two nations. Citing Vladimir Putins recent article on the national question in Russia, Sherr noted its concept of a common Russian civilization with the Russian nation as its constituent core. This notion has invariably served to justify imperial expansion into neighbouring regions.<br /><br /> Mr. Sherr argued that there have been no significant changes in Russia’s attitude toward Ukraine since the collapse of the Soviet Union. Recovering from what Putin called the “greatest geopolitical catastrophe of the twentieth century,” today’s Russian leadership seeks to restore Moscow’s former “sphere of influence” and recapture the proud past of the Russian imperial state. The recent war with Georgia, the territorial provocations at Tuzla, the use of energy as a political tool, and attempts to thwart Ukraine’s European aspirations are all indications of Russia’s real intentions with regard to Ukraine. Russia certainly feels threatened because of its loss of superpower status, said Mr. Sherr, but it is concerned above all to maintain its imperial legacy and identity, not least by developing an increasingly authoritarian political culture. Putin’s anti-Western attitude and traditional Soviet-era beliefs strike a responsive chord with many Russians, which allows him to advance his current political agenda while Europe and other Western countries are preoccupied with their own economic and political problems.<br /><br /> Mr. Sherr argued that it is in the best interest of the Euro-Atlantic democracies to preserve an independent Ukraine and promote the development of its civil society and cultural institutions. He emphasized that Ukraine’s sovereignty must be respected in accordance with international law. A democratic and European Ukraine would thus serve as a model to democratize Russia, which will otherwise remain a source of authoritarianism in the region. <br /><br />Mr. Sherr concluded that the greatest threat to Ukraine is Ukraine itself. Despite ongoing attempts by the West to encourage political and economic reforms, Ukraine has largely squandered these opportunities. It failed to act on its proclaimed European aspirations, entailing a market economy and political democracy, and remained mired in post-Soviet inertia, a non-transparent business culture, and a drift toward authoritarianism.<br /><br /> Between 1995 and May 2008, James Sherr was a fellow of the former Conflict Studies Research Centre of the Defence Academy of the UK and is a member of the Social Studies Faculty of Oxford University. He has been a long-standing adviser to governments in the UK and the EU and to NATO, and advised Ukraine for many years on defence/security sector reform and related issues. His publications include Russia and the West A Reassessment (2008) and The Mortgaging of Ukraine’s Independence (2010). <br /><br />Found in <a href="http://cius-archives.ca/items/show/1619">CIUS Newsletter 2012</a><br /></span>
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CIUS
March 9, 2012
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English, Ukrainian