Politics
Eastern Europe
CIUS seminar audio. On January 30, 2014, Amanda Paul (European Policy Centre, Brussels); Taras Kuzio (Centre for Political and Regional Studies, CIUS, U of A), Bohdan Nahaylo (independent scholar, France), and Olexiy Haran (Kyiv-Mohyla National University) gave a seminar on the topic: “After Vilnius: Which Way for Ukraine?” Found in CIUS Newsletter 2014
CIUS
Amanda Paul, Taras Kuzio, Bohdan Nahaylo, Olexiy Haran
Ivan Zarudny and the Production of Religious Culture in Russia under Peter I
Russian Empire
Religion
Art
XVIII c.
CIUS seminar audio. On December 5, 2013, Jelena Pogosjan (Department of Modern Languages and Cultural Studies, U of A) gave a seminar on the topic: “Ivan Zarudny and the Production of Religious Culture in Russia under Peter I.” Found in CIUS Newsletter 2014
Jelena Pogosjan
Fourth Wave of Ukrainian Immigration to Canada
Immigration and Settlement
Ukrainian Canadians
CIUS seminar audio. On April 9, 2013, Taras Lupul (Department of International Relations, Yurii Fedkovych National University) gave a seminar about the fourth wave of Ukrainian immigration to Canada.
Taras Lupul
The ‘Succession Issue at the Time of Bohdan Khmelnytsky’s Death and the ‘Ruin’ in Cossack Ukraine
XVII c.
Cossack Administration
Cossack Hetmanate
CIUS seminar audio. On April 4, 2013, Roman Shiyan (CIUS, U of A) gave a seminar on the topic: “The ‘Succession Issue at the Time of Bohdan Khmelnytsky’s Death and the ‘Ruin’ in Cossack Ukraine” Found in CIUS Newsletter 2013
Roman Shiyan
The Representation of Madness and Stalinism in Ukrainian Literature
Ukrainian Literature
Stalin, Joseph
CIUS seminar audio. On February 29, 2013, Natalia Kovaliova (MLCS, U of A), gave a seminar on the topic: “The Representation of Madness and Stalinism in Ukrainian Literature” Found in CIUS Newsletter 2013
Natalia Kovaliova
Researching Blood and Salt: A Novel about the WWI Internment of Enemy Aliens in Canada
World War I
CIUS seminar audio. On February 8, 2013, Barbara Sapergia (author, Saskatoon), gave a seminar on the topic: “Researching Blood and Salt: A Novel about the WWI Internment of Enemy Aliens in Canada” Found in CIUS Newsletter 2013
Barbara Sapergia
The Centre and Its Neighbours: Transcarpathia in the Context of European Integration and International Migration in Europe
Geopolitics
European Union
Europe
CIUS seminar audio. On January 31, 2013, Ignacy Jozwiak (Wirth Institute for Austrian and Central European Studies, U of A), gave a seminar on the topic: “The Centre and Its Neighbours: Transcarpathia in the Context of European Integration and International Migration in Europe”. Found in CIUS Newsletter 2013
Ignacy Jozwiak
Visioning Forum: CIUS and its place in the University and wider communities (Michael Moser)
CIUS History
Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies
CIUS seminar audio. On May 17-18, 2012, Michael Moser, candidate for the director of CIUS, spoke on his view of CIUS and its place in the University and wider communities. Found in CIUS press release
Michael Moser
Visioning Forum: CIUS and its place in the University and wider communities (Vitaly Chernetsky)
CIUS seminar audio. On May 17-18, 2012, Vitaly Chernetsky (Associate Professor, Department of German, Russian, and East Asian Languages; Director, Film Studies Program, Miami University, Ohio) gave a speech as candidate for director of CIUS. He spoke on his view of CIUS and its place in the University and wider communities. Found in CIUS press release
Vitaly Chernetsky
Political Manipulations in Ukraine’s Presidential Elections, 2004–05 and 2009–10
Elections
Ukrainian Revolution
CIUS seminar audio. On March 22, 2012, Andriy Kruglashov (Department of Political Science and Public Administration, Yuriy Fedkovych National University of Chernivtsi) spoke on the topic: “Political Manipulations in Ukraine’s Presidential Elections, 2004–05 and 2009–10” Found in CANADIAN ASSOCIATION OF SLAVISTS newsletter #109 (2011-2012)
Andriy Kruglashov
Book Launch: Unbridled Dissonance: The Second World War and Socio-Political Attitudes in Ukraine, 1939–1941
World War II
CIUS seminar audio. On December 4, 2012, CIUS hosted a book launch for "Unbridled Dissonance: The Second World War and Socio-Political Attitudes in Ukraine, 1939–1941". The author, Vladyslav Hrynevych (Kuras Institute of Political and Ethnic Studies, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine) was present to speak about the book. The event was co-sponsored by History and Classics, U of A. Found in CIUS Newsletter 2013
Vladyslav Hrynevych
Impressions of Election Observers during the Ukraine 2012 Parliamentary Election
CIUS seminar audio. Volodymyr Kravchenko begins with introductions. Michael Bociurkiw begins at 10:50. Bohdan Klid speaks at 21:20. Mykola Soroka speaks at 29:45. Halyna Klid begins at 41:35. Commentary and questions at 54:30.
Volodymyr Kravchenko, Bohdan Klid, Halyna Klid, Mykola Soroka, Michael Bociurkiw
Roundtable: Famine in Ukraine, 1928–1933
Holodomor (Famine in Ukraine)
Famine in Ukraine
CIUS seminar audio (7 Parts) On November 21, 2012, CIUS hosted a round table on the topic: “Famine in Ukraine, 1928–1933” (co-sponsored by the Department of History and Classics, U of A). Presenters included: Stanislav Kulchytsky (Institute of Ukrainian History, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine), Lesia Onyshko (Holodomor Memorial Museum in Kyiv), Liudmyla Hrynevych (Institute of Ukrainian History, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine), Bohdan Klid (CIUS, History and Classics, U of A), David Marples (CIUS, History and Classics, U of A), and Roman Serbyn (professor emeritus, Universite du Quebec a Montreal) Audio clip 1 begins with introductions from Volodymyr Kravchenko. Heather Coleman (History and Classics, U of A) follows and Stuart Murray (Canadian Museum for Human Rights Museum) concludes this clip. Audio clip 2 features the presentation of Lesia Onyshko. Audio clip 3 features Bohdan Klid. Audio clip 4 features Roman Serbyn Audio clip 5 feautres Liudmyla Hrynevych. Audio clip 6 features Stanislav Kulchytsky Audio clip 7 features a question period for all of the panelists.
Volodymyr Kravchenko, Heather Coleman, Stuart Murray, Stanislav Kulchytsky, Lesia Onyshko, Liudmyla Hrynevych, Bohdan Klid, David Marples, Roman Serbyn
The Hutsul Koliada and the Yara Group: Winter Songs and Rituals from the Carpathian Mountains
Folk
Folklore
Music
CIUS seminar audio. On October 16, 2012 Virlana Tkacz (Yara Arts Group, La MaMa Experimental Theater, New York), gave a seminar on the topic: “The Hutsul Koliada and the Yara Group: Winter Songs and Rituals from the Carpathian Mountains” Found in CIUS Newsletter 2013
Virlana Tkacz
The Parliamentary Elections in Ukraine and ‘The Cat’: Politics Meets Folklore
Contemporary Ukraine
CIUS seminar audio. On October 12, 2012 CIUS hosted a round table on the topic: “The Parliamentary Elections in Ukraine and ‘The Cat’: Politics Meets Folklore” (cosponsored by the Kule Chair in Ukrainian Ethnography). Presenters included Bohdan Harasymiw (professor emeritus, U of Calgary), Natalie Kononenko (MLCS, U of A), David Marples (Department of History and Classics, U of A), and Myroslava Uniat (MLCS, U of A). Found in CIUS Newsletter 2013
Bohdan Harasymiw, Natalie Kononenko, David Marples, Myroslava Uniat
The Status of Archives, Museums, and Academic Freedom in Ukraine
Archive
Bibliography
Primary Sources
CIUS seminar audio. In this recording Ruslan Zabily gives a seminar about the status of archives, museums, and academic freedom in Ukraine.
Ruslan Zabily
Ukrainians in Argentina, 1897–1950: The Making of a Community
Diaspora
Ukrainians Abroad
CIUS book launch audio. On April 3, 2012, Serge Cipko spoke at the book launch for "Ukrainians in Argentina, 1897–1950: The Making of a Community" (co-sponsored by the Department of History and Classics) Found in CIUS Newsletter 2012
Serge Cipko
In Bed with the Elephant: Ukrainian-Russian Asymmetric’ Relations
Ukrainian–Russian Relations
CIUS seminar audio. On March 14, 2012, Mykola Riabchuk (political analyst and writer, Kyiv), gave a seminar on the topic: “In Bed with the Elephant: Ukrainian-Russian Asymmetric’ Relations” Found in CIUS Newsletter 2012
Mykola Riabchuk
The Yara Arts Group: Dream and Destination
Theater
CIUS seminar audio. On February 2, 2012, Virlana Tkacz (Yara Arts Group, La MaMa Experimental Theater, New York), gave a seminar on the topic: “The Yara Arts Group: Dream and Destination” (cosponsored by the Peter and Doris Kule Centre for Ukrainian and Canadian Folklore) Found in CIUS Newsletter 2012
The Ukrainian Question in the Russian Empire from the 1840s to the 1870s: New Archival Findings
XIX c.
CIUS seminar audio. On December 8, 2011, Johannes Remy (Institute of European, Russian, and Eurasian Studies, Carleton University), gave a seminar on the topic: “The Ukrainian Question in the Russian Empire from the 1840s to the 1870s: New Archival Findings” (co-sponsored by the Department of History and Classics). Found in CIUS Newsletter 2012
Johannes Remy
The Making of an Opera: On the Eve of Ivan Kupalo
CIUS seminar audio. On October 20, 2011, Anna Pidgorna (Department of Music, University of Calgary), gave a seminar on the topic: “The Making of an Opera: On the Eve of Ivan Kupalo” (co-sponsored by the Peter and Doris Kule Centre for Ukrainian and Canadian Folklore). Found in CIUS Newsletter 2012
Anna Pidgorna
The impact of the Yalta Agreement of 1945 on East European geopolitics
CIUS seminar audio. On October 7, 2011, Serhii Plokhii (Mykhailo Hrushevsky chair of Ukrainian history at Harvard University) gave a seminar on the impact of the Yalta Agreement of 1945 on East European geopolitics. See more information in the CIUS press release of November 2, 2011.
Serhii Plokhii
Book Launch: Mykhailo Hrushevsky's History of Ukraine-Rus'
History of Ukraine-Rus'
History
CIUS book launch audio. On October 6, 2011, Serhii Plokhii and Frank Sysyn discussed volume 9, book 2, part 2 of Mykhailo Hrushevsky's History of Ukraine-Rus' the latest addition to this translation series issued by the Peter Jacyk Centre for Ukrainian Historical Research at CIUS. Dr. Frank Sysyn (Director of the Jacyk Centre) gave an introduction (starts at 3:45 in the audio). Dr. Pokhii followed with his analysis of the book (starts at 17:00 in the audio). More information in the CIUS press release for November 2, 2011
Frank Sysyn, Serhii Plokhii
Official Attitudes to the Politics of History in Ukraine and Russia, 2005-2010: Concepts, Discussions, and Textbooks
Russia
CIUS seminar audio. On April 7, 2011, Kyrylo Halushko (Institute of Sociology, Psychology and Management, M. V. Drahomanov National Pedagogical University, Kyiv), gave a seminar on the topic: “Official Attitudes to the Politics of History in Ukraine and Russia, 2005-2010: Concepts, Discussions, and Textbooks.” Found in CIUS Newsletter 2011
Kyrylo Halushko
Group-sourcing Ukrainian Folklore: Involving the Community in Research
CIUS seminar audio. On February 17, 2011, Natalie Kononenko (Kule Chair of Ukrainian Ethnography at the Kule Centre for Ukrainian and Canadian Folklore, Modern Languages and Cultural Studies, University of Alberta), gave a seminar on the topic: “Group-sourcing Ukrainian Folklore: Involving the Community in Research.” Found in CIUS Newsletter 2011
Natalie Kononenko
World War II through Women’s Personal Narration
Women
CIUS seminar audio. On January 28, 2011, Tetyana Dzyadevych (Department of Literature and Foreign Languages, Kyiv Mohyla Academy National University), gave a seminar on the topic: “World War II through Women’s Personal Narration.” Found in CIUS Newsletter 2011
Tetyana Dzyadevych
Mobility and Security in the EU’s Neighbourhood: The Case of Ukraine
Ukraine–Belarus
CIUS seminar audio. On December 2, 2010, Lyubov Zhyznomirska (Department of Political Science, University of Alberta), gave a seminar on the topic: “Mobility and Security in the EU’s Neighbourhood: The Case of Ukraine.” Found in CIUS Newsletter 2011
Lyubov Zhyznomirska
The Implications of Ukrainian Studies in Korea
Ukrainian Studies
Ukrainian Literature Abroad
CIUS seminar audio. On November 18, 2010, Joung Ho Park (Institute of Russian Studies, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Republic of Korea), gave a seminar presentation on the topic: “The Implications of Ukrainian Studies in Korea.” Found in CIUS Newsletter 2011
Joung Ho Park
Book launch: Archival Ucrainica in Canada: A Guide
On June 8, 2010, Iryna Matiash (State Committee on Archives of Ukraine) spoke at the book launch of Arkhivna ukrainika v Kanadi: dovidnyk (Archival Ucrainica in Canada: A Guide). More information found in CIUS Press Release 8 July 2010 Audio begins at 2:35.
Iryna Matiash
National Mainstreaming: Major Trends in Women’s History in Ukraine since 1991
CIUS seminar audio. On March 19, 2010, Oksana Kis (Columbia University and Institute Natalya Tsymbal of Ethnology. National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine), gave a seminar presentation on the topic: “National Mainstreaming: Major Trends in Women’s History in Ukraine since 1991.” Found in CIUS Newsletter 2010
Oksana Kis
Moldova and Transnistria: Between Ukraine, Russia, and the EU
CIUS Seminar audio. On December 3, 2009, Eduard Baidaus (Department of History and Classics, University of Alberta), gave a seminar presentation on the topic: “Moldova and Transnistria: Between Ukraine, Russia, and the EU.” Found in CIUS Newsletter 2010
Eduard Baidaus
The Holodomor and the Soviet Famines, 1931–33
Soviet Ukraine
Peasants
Communist Party
Intelligentsia
CIUS seminar audio. The great Ukrainian-Kuban famine of 1932–33—the Holodomor—was one of the determinative events of the twentieth century. Nevertheless, it was largely ignored by scholars until the last few years of the existence of the Soviet Union. One of the scholars who began studying the famine in the late 1980s was Andrea Graziosi, now an internationally recognized specialist on the Soviet state and its policies toward the peasantry and one of the world’s leading authorities on the Holodomor. From 14 to 21 November 2009 he visited Toronto and Edmonton to lecture on “The Holodomor and the Soviet Famines, 1931–33” The title of the lecture is indicative of Dr. Graziosi s comprehensive approach to the study of the Holodomor in Soviet Ukraine and the Kuban within the context of Soviet state policy toward the peasantry from 1917 to 1933 and, more particularly, the pan- Soviet famines of 1931–33, including the Kazakhstan famine-cum-epidemics of 1931–33. In the lecture, he analyzed the common causes of these famines and posited that the Ukrainian famine was the culminating act in a great war of the Soviet state and the Communist Party against the peasantry that began in 1917. Outlining the policies of the Soviet leaders and their consequences for the Soviet peasantry as a whole, Dr. Graziosi also took account of specific conditions in the non-Russian regions of the USSR that led the Stalin regime to treat them differently. Focusing on the Holodomor, he identified some of its special features and national characteristics. Particularly telling, in his view, were Moscow’s exclusive policies taken against the peasantry in Ukraine and the Kuban region in the North Caucasus, which led to an exceptionally large number of deaths there. If the mortality rate in the countryside in 1926 can be assigned the number 100 per 1,000 rural inhabitants, in 1933 it was almost 400 per 1,000 in Soviet Ukraine, while in the Russian SFSR it was about 140 per 1,000. Excluding Kazakhstan, then part of Russia, and the North Caucasus, where there was a large Ukrainian population, the death rate in the Russian republic in 1933 was about 110 per 1,000 rural inhabitants. An important factor in the high death rate was the decree forbidding and preventing peasants from Ukraine and the Kuban to leave for other areas of the USSR in search of food. Dr. Graziosi also noted other measures taken against Ukrainians in this period or immediately afterward. These included the mass purge of the Bolshevik Party in Soviet Ukraine, the persecution and physical destruction of the republic’s nationally conscious intelligentsia and middle-level national cadres, and the reversal of Ukrainization policies in Ukraine and their total abolition in the Russian SFSR. All these factors, as well as other special measures taken against Ukraine’s peasantry and its political and cultural elites, have prompted scholars and legal experts to raise the question of whether the Holodomor is a case of or an integral part of a genocide. Dr. Graziosi has concluded that the Holodomor was a genocide and that the Ukrainian-Kuban famine of 1932–33 fits the definition of genocide specified in the United Nations Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of Genocide, especially Article 2, Section C, which states that among genocidal acts are those “Deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part.” He noted that his own views on this question have evolved, for during the initial years of his study of the Holodomor he was not convinced of its genocidal nature. Dr. Graziosi believes that in time more and more scholars will come to the same conclusion as he did. While the prospect of a scholarly consensus promotes optimism with regard to general recognition of the Holodomor as genocide, Dr. Graziosi also believes that the Russian government will never acknowledge it as such, since this might provoke demands for monetary reparations to survivors and their descendants. Dr. Graziosi delivered his two lectures on the famine at the universities of Toronto and Alberta. The Toronto lecture, which took place on 17 November, was co-sponsored by the Petro Jacyk Program for the Study of Ukraine at the Centre for European, Russian and Eurasian Studies, University of Toronto; the Toronto Office of CIUS; the Ukrainian Canadian Congress (Toronto Branch); and the Canadian Foundation for Ukrainian Studies. The Edmonton lecture, which took place on 20 November, was sponsored by CIUS. Dr. Graziosi also lectured at both universities on “Stalin’s Foreign and Domestic Policies: Dealing with the National Question in an Imperial Context, 1901–1926.” Andrea Graziosi is currently professor of history at the University of Naples “Federico II” and president (2007–11) of the Italian Society for the Study of Contemporary History (www.sissco.it). He also serves on the editorial boards of a number of French, English, Italian, Ukrainian, and American specialized journals. Since 1992 he has been a co-editor of the Moscowbased series Dokumenty sovetskoi istorii (Documents of Soviet History 15 volumes in print) and is a member of the editorial board of the series Istoriia stalinizma (History of Stalinism). His research interests have been largely in Soviet history, with a focus on the period leading up to the establishment of the Soviet state, its consolidation, and the triumph of Stalinism. Some of the topics he has researched in depth include the industrialization policies of the Soviet state, the Soviet state and the peasantry, the famine of 1932–33 in Ukraine and the Kuban region, other famines that took place in the Soviet Union, Stalinism, and Soviet nationality policies. Dr. Graziosi has worked in the archives of the Italian Foreign Ministry, which resulted in the book Lettere da Kharkov. La carestia in Ucraina e nel Caucaso del Nord nei rapporti dei diplomatici italiani, 1932–33 (Letters from Kharkiv: Famine in Ukraine and the North Caucasus in the Dispatches of Italian Diplomats, 1932–33; Turin, 1991 and Kharkiv, 2007), and in the Russian State Archives and former Communist Party Archives in Moscow. The results of this research, combined with data from previously available sources and new archival discoveries made by colleagues in Russia and other countries formerly under Soviet rule, have found their way into many of his publications, including The Great Soviet Peasant War: Bolsheviks and Peasants, 1917–1933 (Cambridge, Mass., 1996 and Moscow, 2001); Bol'sheviki I krest'iane na Ukraine, 1918–1919 gody (Bolsheviks and Peasants in Ukraine, 1918–1919; Moscow, 1997); A New, Peculiar State: Explorations in Soviet History (Westport, Conn., 2000); Guerra e rivoluzione in Europa 1905-1956 (War and Revolution in Europe, 1905–1956; Bologna, 2002; Kyiv and Moscow, 2005); LVRSS di Lenin e Stalin, 1914–1945 (The USSR of Lenin and Stalin, 1914–1945; Bologna, 2007); LVRSS dal trionfo al degrado, 1945–1991 (The USSR from Triumph to Degeneration, 1945–1991; Bologna, 2008); and Stalinism, Collectivization and the Great Famine (Cambridge, Mass., 2009). Andrea Graziosi’s lecture on the Holodomor represents a milestone in its study. He noted that over the past twenty years most of the important official documents concerning the Holodomor have been brought to light. His lecture combined an account of general scholarly accomplishments in researching the subject with his own analysis, which delineated the overall policy of the Soviet state toward the peasantry and specified the critical national factors that made the Holodomor so devastating in Ukraine and the Kuban. The lecture was recorded in both video and audio formats at the University of Alberta. Found in CIUS Newsletter 2010
Andrea Graziosi
Teaching Ukrainian for Professional Purposes
Education
CIUS seminar audio. Oksana Tyshchenko presents on the topic of teaching ukrainian for professional purposes, such as for students whose specialty is not language. The speaker discusses the language policy in Ukraine, focusing on the legislative basis of funding for linguistic resources. She also discusses Ukrainian as a subject of study in post-secondary education institutions, focusing on purposes, programs, and maintenance.
Oksana Tyshchenko
Ukraine, Russia, and the Future of Europe
CIUS seminar audio. On April 22, 2009, Mykola Riabchuk (journalist and independent scholar, Kyiv), presented on the topic: “Ukraine, Russia, and the Future of Europe.” Found in CIUS Newsletter 2009
The Fourth Wave of Ukrainian Immigration to Canada as Depicted in the Literature of Ukrainian Canadianists
CIUS seminar audio. On November 7, 2008, Taras Lupul (Department of History, Political Science and International Relations, Yurii Fedkovych National University of Chernivtsi), gave a seminar on the topic: “The Fourth Wave of Ukrainian Immigration to Canada as Depicted in the Literature of Ukrainian Canadianists” Found in CIUS Newsletter 2009
The 1932–33 Famine-Holodomor in Ukraine as Part of Stalin's Preparations for War: A New Hypothesis on a Motive for Genocide
CIUS seminar audio. On November 4, 2008, Liudmyla Hrynevych (Institute of Ukrainian History, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine), presented on the topic: "The 1932–33 Famine-Holodomor in Ukraine as Part of Stalins Preparations for War: A New Hypothesis on a Motive for Genocide” (in Ukrainian). Co-sponsored by the Shevchenko Scientific Society, Branch. Found in CIUS Newsletter 2009
Liudmyla Hrynevych
World War II in the Official Politics of Memory and in the Political Struggles in Ukraine Today
CIUS seminar audio. On November 3, 2008, Vladyslav Hrynevych (Institute of Political and Ethnic Studies, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine), spoke on the topic: “World War II in the Official Politics of Memory and in the Political Struggles in Ukraine Today.” Found in CIUS Newsletter 2009
CIUS seminar audio. On September 25, 2008, Yaroslav Hrytsak (Institute for Historical Research, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv and Chair of Modern World History, Ukrainian Catholic University, Lviv), presented on the topic: “Rethinking Modern Ukrainian History” at the Inaugural lecture of the Petro Jacyk Program in Modern Ukrainian History and Society. Dr. Hrytsak begins speaking at 16:05 Found in CIUS Newsletter 2009
Yaroslav Hrytsak
Fellows and Travelers: Thinking about Ukrainian History in the Early Nineteenth Century
CIUS seminar audio. On March 27, 2008, Oleksiy Tolochko of Kyiv Mohyla Academy National University and Institute of Ukrainian History at the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, spoke on the topic: “Fellows and Travelers: Thinking about Ukrainian History in the Early Nineteenth Century.” Introductions begin at 0:35. Speech begins at 5:35. Found in CIUS Newsletter 2008
Oleksiy Tolochko
CIUS seminar audio. On January 31, 2008, his Excellency Ihor Ostash (Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of Ukraine to Canada), presented on “Ukraine’s Current Foreign Policy." Introductions begin at 3:25. Speech begins at 5:05. Found in CIUS Newsletter 2008
Ihor Ostash
The Parliamentary Elections of 30 September in Ukraine: A Preliminary Assessment of Results
CIUS seminar audio. In this recording, Bohdan Harasymiw (CIUS and the University of Calgary), David Marples (CIUS and the Department of History and Classics, U of A), Mykola Riabchuk (Ramsay Tompkins Visiting Professor, Departments of Modern Languages and Cultural Studies and History and Classics, U of A) give a preliminary assessment of results of the parliamentary elections of 30 September 2007 in Ukraine. Found in CIUS Newsletter 2008
Bohdan Harasymiw, David Marples, Mykola Riabchuk
Ukrainian Archival Studies Since Independence: Gains and Losses
CIUS seminar audio. In this recording Iryna Matiash from the Ukrainian Archives and Documentation Research Institute in Kyiv speaks on the topic: “Ukrainian Archival Studies since Independence: Gains and Losses” Found in CIUS Newsletter 2007
Ukrainian Sources in Russian Archives on Ivan Mazepa
CIUS seminar audio. Tatiana Tairova-Yakovleva from the Department of History and Ukrainian Studies Centre at St. Petersburg University, Russian Federation speaks on “Ukrainian Sources in Russian Archives on Ivan Mazepa.” Dr. Tairova-Yakovleva also discussed her recent publications, Getman Ivan Mazepa: Dokumenty iz arkhivnykh sobranii Sankt-Peterburga, vyp.l (St. Petersburg, 2007), and Mazepa (Moscow, 2007). Found in CIUS Newsletter 2007
Tatiana Tairova-Yakovleva
The Leopolis Project: An Electronic Archive of the Art of Ukraine
CIUS seminar audio. Ihor Zhuk from the Ukrainian Catholic University in Lviv, Ukraine presents on “The Leopolis Project: An Electronic Archive of the Art of Ukraine” Found in CIUS Newsletter 2007
Ihor Zhuk
The Ostroh Academy as a Factor in the Education of Ukraine’s Elites Today
CIUS seminar audio. Following a short documentary film on the rebirth of the Ostroh Academy, Ihor Pasichnyk (Rector, Ostroh Academy National University), spoke on “The Ostroh Academy as a Factor in the Education of Ukraine’s Elites Today.” Found in CIUS Newsletter 2007
Ihor Pasichnyk
Canada-Ukraine Relations and Developing Co-operation in Education and Scholarship
CIUS Seminar audio. His Excellency Ihor Ostash (Ambassador of Ukraine to Canada) spoke on Canada-Ukraine relations and developing co-operation in education and scholarship. Found in CIUS Newsletter 2007
The Issue That Keeps Coming Back: Language Politics in Post-Orange Ukraine
Ukrainian Language
CIUS Seminar audio. In this recording Dominique Arel discusses language politics in post-orange revolution Ukraine. Arel focuses on how spoken language explains political behaviour, particularly examining the linkage between the Orange vote and Ukrainian language "as spoken". He discusses language used as a marker of political recognition and the importance of the official governmental status of a language as an issue in Ukrainian politics. Found in CIUS Newsletter 2007
Dominique Arel
Consequences of the Movement of Non-Voluntary Migrants in a Nation State
Nation
Liubomyr Luciuk
Interwar Years
Poland
CIUS Seminar Audio Part 1 and 2. The seventh Institute seminar at the University of Alberta was presented on 15 January 1980 by Karol Adamowicz, a graduate student in the Department of Educational Foundations. He spoke on "Ukrainian Education in Interwar Poland," focusing on the elementary level. The so-called utraquization of Ukrainian schools, their conversion from a single language of instruction (Ukrainian) to two (Ukrainian and Polish) , tended to poison Polish-Ukrainian relations in the interwar era. The originator of the programme, the National Democrat Stanislaw Grabski, claimed that utraquization would improve these relations. In reality utraquist schools were instruments of Polonization. Ukrainian-language schools were systematically phased out at a rate very nearly proportional to the rate of increase in utraquist schools. As a result, by 1939 very little remained of the Ukrainian educational system that had been established in Galicia under Austrian rule. Found in CIUS Newsletter Vol 4 Issue 2 (Winter 1980)
Karol Adamowicz
Multiculturalism and the Future of Ukrainian Culture and Society in Ukraine and Canada: A Comparative Approach
Activism
Identity
Modern Ukraine
Multiculturalism
Modernity
CIUS Seminar Audio Part 1 and 2. On 3 December the final Institute seminar of the autumn semester in Toronto was given by Dr. Wsevolod Isajiw, professor of sociology at the University of Toronto. Dr. Isajiw spoke on "Multiculturalism and the Future of Ukrainian Culture and Society in Ukraine and Canada: A Comparative Approach." The factors conditioning the future development of the Ukrainian community are: (1) cultural institutions, (2) those sectors of the community providing a social base for the development of institutions and (3) ideologies articulating and justifying organized activity and collective action. In Ukraine, since the end of World War II, there has been intensive urbanization involving a large proportion of migrants from the Russian republic and a process of social mobility resulting in competition between Ukrainians and immigrating Russians. In this competition Ukrainians have been at a disadvantage, as witnessed by the numerical decline of Ukrainian together with a strengthening of Russian cultural institutions. The current dissent in Ukraine has to be understood against this background: the dissidents are an active social base defending Ukrainian institutions in the face of threat and are spokesmen who are articulating a new, human rights ideology. Their success will depend upon possible support from other important social sectors in Ukraine and on the successes of other human rights movements in the Soviet Union, especially in the Russian republic. In Canada, migration to cities has meant a loss of Ukrainian language, but not necessarily a complete loss of identity. Different sectors in the Ukrainian community have different orientations toward retention of Ukrainian cultural institutions. Six definitions of multiculturalism as an ideology can be distinguished; different sectors of the community provide the social base for each definition. Two such definitions reflect those who stress retention of Ukrainian institutions as they have been and those who emphasize development. Unlike in Ukraine, retention of Ukrainian identity in Canada will depend on creative development of Ukrainian culture in the context of general Canadian institutions and on further development of Ukrainian "elites" in the context of society as a whole rather than in the ethnic group alone. Found in CIUS Newsletter Vol 4 Issue 1 (Winter 1979)
Wsevolod Isajiw
Bohdan Rubchak
F. Duchinski: His Impact on Ukrainian Political Thought
CIUS Seminar Audio Part 1 and 2. Dr. Ivan L. Rudnytsky, professor of history, presented the fifth Institute seminar on 20 November. His talk was entitled "F. Duchinski: His Impact on Ukrainian Political Thought." Franciszek Duchiffeki (1817-93) was a native of the province of Kyiv. A patriotic Pole, he also possessed a strong sense of allegiance to his Ukrainian homeland. As an expatriate since 1846, he settled in Paris and became a prolific writer in Polish and French. Duchifiski advocated the idea of a perennial racial conflict between the Aryans or Indo-Europeans and the "Turanians" J he classified the Poles and the Ukrainians with the former, and Russians (whose Slavic character he denied) with the latter. Duchinski cannot be considered a sound scholar, although at times he displayed flashes of historical intuition. In the 1860s he had followers among French publicists, but this influence waned with the fall of the Second Empire and the rise of critical Slavic studies. In the early 1870s Duchinski contributed to the Galician Ukrainian press. Duchifiski 's ideas were opposed by Mykola Kostomarov and Mykhailo Drahomanov on scholarly as well as political grounds. In spite of this, the concept of a fundamental ethnic incompatibility of the Ukrainian and the Russian peoples, first formulated by Duchinski, was accepted by the Galician narodovtsi and became a permanent feature of the ideology of modern Ukrainian nationalism. A forgotten figure today, Duchinski may serve as an example of the impact which Ukrainophile Poles had in directing the Ukrainian national movement into militantly anti-Russian channels. This impact has not been sufficiently appreciated by historians. Found in CIUS Newsletter Vol 4 Issue 1 (Winter 1979)
Ivan Rudnytsky
Ukrainian Helsinki Group
Dissident
CIUS Seminar Audio Part 1 and 2. The third Institute seminar in Edmonton was presented on 16 October by Markian Kowaluk, a graduate student in the Department of Slavic Languages. He spoke on "The Literary Career of Mykola Rudenko," which is also the topic of his master's thesis. Mykola Rudenko was born on 19 December 1920 in the village of Iurivka, Luhanske oblast, Ukraine, and grew up in the Donbas region among coal miners and steel workers. He entered the philological faculty of Kyiv State University in 1939, but in October of that year was drafted into the army. Critically wounded during the defence of Leningrad, he was left a permanent invalid. After the war Rudenko served as editor of R'adlanskyl pysmermyk and, from 1947 to 1950, worked as chief editor of Dnipro. Rudenko is the author of numerous books. His early poems reflect Communist ideals of heroism and devotion to the Party. One of his more acclaimed epic poems of the early period is "Leninhradtsi . " His later works are more about nature, people and social conditions in his homeland. His novels Viter v oblychehia and Ostarmla shablla became quite popular during the 1950s. Rudenko has also written short stories, popular science and science fiction. In the 1960s he underwent an ideological evolution, resulting in an open espousal of dissident ideas and leadership of the Ukrainian Helsinki group. Arrested in 1976, he was first placed in a psychiatric asylum, then in a prison camp where he remains to this day. Found in CIUS Newsletter Vol 4 Issue 1 (Winter 1979)
Markian Kowaluk
Dmytro Dontsov and Interwar Ukrainian Nationalism
Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists
CIUS Seminar Audio Part 1 and 2. On 4 December Nestor Makuch, recent recipient of an honours B.A. in history at the University of Alberta, presented the sixth Institute seminar, "Dmytro Dontsov and Interwar Ukrainian Nationalism." In 1929 several integral nationalist groups in Western Ukraine and adjacent areas of Eastern Europe banded together to form the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (O.U.N.). The groups themselves had arisen during the 1920s in response to internal and external factors that, they felt, were threatening the very survival of the Ukrainian nation. Externally, the postwar settlements had left many European countries with dissatisfied national minorities, such as the Ukrainians in Poland. Polish aggression was a major factor contributing to the Ukrainians' perceived threat of their elimination as a national group. This aggravated the hostility Ukrainians felt toward the Western democracies for allowing Ukrainian territory to be incorporated into Poland. Coupled with a decline of parliamentarianism in the West and Poland and the rise of authoritarian regimes, this resentment aided in the development of the methods by which Ukrainians would attempt to redress their grievances. Internally, the failure of the Ukrainian revolution convinced nationalists that the existing strategy and programmes of the Ukrainian leadership were ineffectual. Therefore, they looked for a "new way" to achieve national self-determination. The "new way" was supplied by Dontsov who fanned the discontent the younger generation through his voluminous publicistic work and, though never formally a member of the party, created the psychological milieu that facilitated O.U.N. recruitment. Found in CIUS Newsletter Vol 4 Issue 1 (Winter 1979)
Nestor Makuch
Ukrainians in Australia: An Eyewitness Account
Ukrainian Catholic Identity
Ukrainian Orthodox Church
CIUS Seminar Audio Part 1 and 2. The second Institute seminar, “Ukrainians in Australia: An Eyewitness Account," was presented by Dr. Celestin Suchowersky, formerly of the University library, on 2 October. In February 1979 Dr. Suchowersky visited the major Ukrainian centres in Australia: Sydney, Melbourne, the port of Adelaide and Canberra, Australia's capital. He met with representatives of Ukrainian religious, civic, cultural, economic and political organizations. The Ukrainian Catholic church in Australia is well organized and has a number of accomplishments to its credit; the Ukrainian Orthodox church is somewhat weaker, being divided into three jurisdictions and representing a smaller number of faithful. Ukrainian community life is led by the SUOK, which might be compared to the Ukrainian Canadian Committee of Canada, although there are some differences. Every city has its own narodnl domy where all can gather; simultaneously there exist domy for specific church and civic groups such as SUM and Plast. The development of credit unions has been impressive, especially in Sydney and Melbourne. Political parties from "the old country" languish because of internal dissension. The speaker felt that Ukrainian students in Australia, as a whole, participate more actively in Ukrainian community life and speak more and better Ukrainian than do their Canadian counterparts. The speaker was most favourably impressed by the Tovarystvo universytetskykh graduantiv (Association of University Graduates) of Sydney and the surrounding area. The Tovarystvo invited Dr. Suchowersky to address its members on the cultural and academic achievements of Ukrainians in Canada and on the Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies in particular. The older generation of Ukrainian Australians is troubled by a complex of questions familiar to Canadians concerning assimilation and the retention of a Ukrainian identity among the youth. Found in CIUS Newsletter Vol 4 Issue 1 (Winter 1979)
Celestin Suchowersky
Ukrainian Canadians, Multiculturalism and the New Government
CIUS Seminar Audio Part 1 and 2. On 6 November Dr. Lupul, director of the Institute and professor of Canadian educational history, spoke on the subject "Ukrainian Canadians, Multiculturalism and the New Government." Topics examined were "Ukrainian power" in the new Conservative government and in the multicultural area itself. The Ukrainian-Canadian community’s power to influence the new government's multicultural policies and programmes was discussed in the context of possible federal assistance to cultural and organizational activities, similar to that given francophone organizations outside the Province of Quebec. Finally, the new government’s possible orientation toward multiculturalism was presented against the background of the "Progressive Conservative Statement on Multiculturalism," issued by the Progressive Conservative national headquarters on 3 May 1979. Found in CIUS Newsletter Vol 4 Issue 1 (Winter 1979)
Manoly Lupul
Drama
Poetry
CIUS Seminar Audio Part 1 and 2. The Institute's seminar series at the University of Alberta commenced on 18 September. Dr. Andrij Hornjatkevyc, assistant professor of Interdisciplinary Studies and Slavic languages, spoke on "The Music of the Dumy." Dr. Hornjatkevyc first addressed the question of the nature of the folk epic. It is an oral narrative that, in effect, is created anew at each performance. This skill is acquired through a lengthy period of study with a master during which the disciple acquires the "grammar" (both lexical and musical) of the art form. The speaker then showed how this process is applied to the rendering of Ukrainian dumy. He explained the compositional structure of the duma text and dwelt on the melodic mode in particular. Dr. Hornjatkevyc concluded his presentation by performing the duma about Marusia of Bohuslav while accompanying himself on the bandura. A lively discussion followed the presentation. Found in CIUS Newsletter Vol 4 Issue 1 (Winter 1979)
Andrij Hornjatkevyc
CIUS Seminar Audio. The thirteenth Institute seminar at the University of Alberta took place on March 27, 1979. B. Krawchenko, research associate at the Institute and Visiting assistant professor of political science, spoke on "The Intelligentsia of Soviet Ukraine." The seminar focused on three issues. First, an analysis of the structure of the intelligentsia of Soviet Ukraine was given. Second, based on recent Soviet studies of inter-ethnic relations, the national attitudes of the intelligentsia were discussed; and finally, the question of recruitment into the intelligentsia was examined. Found in CIUS Newsletter Vol 3 Issue 2 (Spring 1979)
Bohdan Krawchenko
The Making and Tempering of the Ukrainian American
CIUS Seminar Audio Part 1 and 2. The Institute’s third seminar was given by Dr. Myron Kuropas on "The Making and Tempering of the Ukrainian American." Between 1884 and 1915, the Rusin-American who emigrated to the United States with a weak ethnonational identity became a Ukrainian. This process of ethno-genesis involved three ethno-national streams which competed for the loyalty of the Rusin: the Russian stream, the Uhro- Rusin stream and the Ukrainian stream. The ethno-national identity of the Ukrainian American was tempered during a period in America which extended from 1915 to 1939. Three political ideologies competed for the loyalties of Ukrainian Americans during this era: communism, monarchism and nationalism. The role of the Ukrainian Catholic church during the period of ethno-genesis was crucial, as was the role of the Ukrainian National Association and its organ Svoboda. After 1915, a number of political organizations in America rose to the surface to take on the function of ethno-national clarification. Found in CIUS Newsletter Vol 4 Issue 1 (Winter 1979)
Myron Kuropas
CIUS Seminar Audio Part 1 and 2. Bohdan Chomiak and Jars Balan, graduate students at the University of Alberta, presented a joint seminar entitled, "The Peasant Revolution in Ukraine" on April 3, 1979. The seminar began with a brief introduction of three parts: (1) an examination of the current state of peasant studies; (2) a comparison between various Marxist and Narodnik (Populist) theoretical positions on the peasantry and the political perceptions held by the peasantry prior to the revolution; and finally, (3) an examination of the Ukrainian revolution, 1917 to 1921, whose unique features were described in comparison to the conditions in revolutionary Russia. The conclusion of the introduction gave the central themes for the seminar: a critical examination of the theoretical assumptions of Populism and Marxism concerning the peasantry, and an interpretation of the events of the peasant revolution in Ukraine. The theoretical assumptions of Populism and Marxism did not have time to change during the revolution, and these movements acted on the basis of their prior beliefs. The speakers showed that both Marxism and Populism had inaccurate interpretations of the peasantry. The Marxist interpretation of the peasantry was inadequate because it had an unjustified belief in rural idiocy and in the cultural superiority of industry and city life. The Populist interpretation was incorrect because it overindulged in a romantic vision of the peasantry. The speakers traced both theories historically. The peasant revolution occurred because of land hunger; war and revolution offered them the means to resolve this problem. The peasants measured different and successive regimes on the basis of their agrarian policies. The reaction of the peasantry to each regime manifested itself in four types of revolt: (1) land distribution, (2) cessation of cultivation, (3) political otamanschyna, and (4)banditry. Both speakers concluded that the peasant revolts stemmed from the failure of each regime to understand peasants’ needs; that the Bolsheviks won because they had urban support and because they gave concessions to the peasantry; and that the Bolsheviks would have lost had the peasantry not exhausted itself militarily. Found in CIUS Newsletter Vol 3 Issue 2 (Spring 1979)
Bohdan Chomiak, Jars Balan
CIUS Seminar Audio Part 1 and 2. Mr. Yuriy Stefanyk-Klynowy delivered the twelfth Institute seminar of the 1978-79 academic year at the University of Alberta. On March 20, 1979, he spoke on "Olena Teliha's Great World." The speaker reminisced about his personal encounters with the poetess and examined her work in the light of the criticism of V. Derzhavyn, Iu. Sherekh, B. Boichuk and B. Rubchak. By illustrating his points with direct quotations from O. Teliha's works, he showed how these critics were often in error. The seminar consisted of three parts: (1) personal reminiscences, (2) an analysis of the author's work, and finally (3) a discussion of her tragic death. Found in CIUS Newsletter Vol 3 Issue 2 (Spring 1979)
Yuriy Stefanyk-Klynowy
Emma Andijewska's Roman pro dobru liudynu : The Displaced Persons Camp as Purgatory
Displaced Persons
Displacement
CIUS Seminar Audio. Lisa Efimov-Schneider, currently a Ph.D. candidate in Russian Literature at the University of Toronto, gave a talk entitled, "Emma Andijewska's Roman pro dobru liudynu : The Displaced Persons Camp as Purgatory." In Andijewska's Roman, the Displaced Persons camp is introduced first in its historic sense — a place signifying political and physical-geographic displacement—but then is extended to represent a state of total psychic disturbance. Supported by a complex narrative mode in which semantic and symbolic confusion is deliberately created, Andij ewska suspends all standard literary expectations and judging mechanisms for the characters in the novel as well as for the reader. Social distinctions (intellectualism vs. simplicity); moral values; chronologically linear development; the distinction between dreams, visions, and reality; the efficacy of logical, as opposed to supernatural or irrational, explanations— all of these are eliminated. This allows for an investigation of the quality "goodness" which is entirely uninhibited and unqualified. Suspension of standards of judgment makes each event within the world of the camp equally meaningful in the growth process of its primary heroes; this compels the reader to pay equal attention to the minutae of detail and to the supposed "main events" in recognizing "the good person." The symbol of purgatory is a useful one in characterizing the D.P. camp condition depicted by Andij ewska. Like the camp world, the purgatorial state is one within which rites of passage take place, eventually admitting a person into a better world. These rites, or developmental stages, are alike in both camp and purgatory because they are stripped of any socially defined elements, and have to do only with the inner moral growth of each separate personality. Found in CIUS Newsletter Vol 3 Issue 2 (Spring 1979)
Lisa Efimov-Schneider
The National Awakening in Ukraine, 1859–1863: Students in Kharkiv and Kyiv Universities
Nationalism
Youth
Kyiv
CIUS Seminar Audio Part 1 and 2. Dr. Roman Serbyn, of the history department at Universite du Quebec a Montreal, presented this year's last seminar which was entitled, "The National Awakening in Ukraine, 1859–1863: Students in Kharkiv and Kiev Universities." Heightened student activism emerging in post- Crimean Russia took on a specific, national coloring in the two universities situated in Ukraine. During this first "movement to the people", student activists drew closer to the common folk and, through the Ukrainian peasantry and the still un-Russified nascent working class, rediscovered Ukrainian language and culture. As "khlopophilism" blended with "Ukrainophilism" student activism found intellectual reinforcement in the Romantic literary tradition of the popular works of Taras Shevchenko and Marko Vovchok, as well as in the Ukrainian schools of Polish and Russian literature. A desire to promote the Ukrainian language, as well as a feeling of social debt, prompted students to set up Ukrainian language Sunday schools. More radical students organized in clandestine groups such as the revolutionary-minded Kharkiv Secret Political Society and the more moderate, or at least more heterogenous, Kyiv Student Hromada. Ukrainian student radicalism, leaning towards an eventually autonomous if not completely independent Ukraine, was acquiring a national consciousness and beginning to assert itself as a movement allied to, but independent of, Polish and Russian movements. The Ukrainian movement was also winning a grudging recognition, from Poles and Russians, as a partner in the common struggle against the tsarist regime. This development was cut short by the aborted Polish insurrection and renewed repression against Ukrainians. From then on, Ukrainophilism fell back into political moderation while the Russian radical movements siphoned off Ukrainian radicals into their own increasingly centralist organizations. Found in CIUS Newsletter Vol 3 Issue 2 (Spring 1979)
Roman Serbyn
Interview with Olenka Bilash About Ukrainian Bilingual Education in Edmonton
Bilingualism
Ukrainian Bilingual Education
Alberta
CIUS Seminar Audio. Olenka Bilash is interviewed about Ukrainian Bilingual education in Edmonton.
Olenka Bilash
Psychological Sciences in the Ukrainian SSR
Dmytro Rewilak
Ukrainian Literature and Art in the 1920s
CIUS Seminar Audio Part 1 and 2. "Ukrainian Literature and Art in the 1920s" was the title of M. Shkandrij ' s Institute seminar, held at the University of Alberta on March 13, 1979. The speaker is a lecturer at the University of Calgary. The speaker outlined four different conceptions of art in Soviet Ukraine in the 1920s: (1) Destructivism (as illustrated by M. Semenko's futurism), (2) Constructivism (V. Polishchuk's "spirit of engineering"), (3) Monumentalism (M. Boichuk's current in ARMU (Asotsiiatsiia revoliutsiinykh mysttsiv Ukrainy), and (4) Pure Art (K. Malevych's ideas on art are the clearest formulation of this tendency) . The seminar was illustrated with appropriate slides. Found in CIUS Newsletter Vol 3 Issue 2 (Spring 1979)
Myroslav Shkandrij
Ivan Vyshensky and the Religious Polemics of the Seventeenth Century
Christianity
CIUS Seminar Audio Part 1 and 2. On March 12, Dr. Taras Zakydalsky, who is currently associated with the Institute's Ukrainian Encyclopedia Project, gave the seminar, "Ivan Vyshensky and the Religious Polemics of the Seventeenth Century." Vyshensky's ascetic worldview was the source of practical solutions to the problems confronting the Orthodox Church in Ukraine at the turn of the seventeenth century. Believing that this life should be renounced for the sake of salvation, he denounced the love and pursuit of luxury, secular knowledge, and power. Since the Orthodox faith and the keeping of Christ's commandments were sufficient to salvation, each man was responsible for his own fate. All Christians, according to Vyshensky, were equal before God; hence, the faithful laity had the right to elect new priests and bishops to replace those who had joined the Union with Rome in 1596. Vyshensky' s epistles from Mt. Athos were not published in his lifetime, and must have had a very limited influence on the polemics of that period. He was not a deep or original thinker, but he was a passionate and forceful writer. His language, which is close to the vernacular, and his vivid imagery make him one of the first great writers in the history of Ukrainian literature. Found in CIUS Newsletter Vol 3 Issue 2 (Spring 1979)
Taras Zakydalsky
Press
Stalinism
Russification
CIUS Seminar Audio Part 1 and 2. On March 7 Dr. Roman Szporluk, professor of history at the University of Michigan, spoke on "The Ukrainian Press in the Shelest Era." The history of the Ukrainian press since 1945 can be divided into four periods: Stalinism (until 1953-54), de-Stalinization (mid-1950s-early 1960s), the Shelest era (1963-72), and the contemporary period (since 1972). Under Stalinism, the circulation of the Ukrainian press was rigidly limited and restricted to periodicals serving the state apparatus, the agricultural sector, and—to a small extent—the intelligentsia. With de-Stalinization came an extraordinary expansion of the Ukrainian press: circulations became unfrozen and sky-rocketed, and periodicals were founded for urban readers, i.e., for workers (Robitnycha hazeta) and the intelligentsia (Vsesvit, Ukvainskyi istovychnyi zhuvnal) . After some setbacks in the early 1960s (during Khrushchev's last years in power), the Ukrainian press again expanded during the Shelest era. More specialized journals and yearbooks in the humanities and social sciences appeared; there was also a corresponding expansion of periodicals in the exact sciences. Kyiv became the second largest center of press and publishing in the USSR, outpacing Leningrad. Circulations rose; Radianska zhinka and Revets achieved readerships of one million. The popular weekly Ukvaina actively fostered a Ukrainian historical, linguistic consciousness. The press in the Shelest era became the material link in a new partnership between the state apparatus and the Ukrainian intelligentsia; it functioned as a vehicle of vappvochement , at once "sovietizing" the Ukrainians and Ukrainianizing the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic. After 1972 the regime abandoned this experiment and returned to a "neo-Stalinist" assimilationist policy, which manifests itself by stifling the Ukrainian press. Found in CIUS Newsletter Vol 3 Issue 2 (Spring 1979)
Roman Szporluk
Interethnic Conflict in the Awakening Village: Ukrainians and Jews in Late Nineteenth Century Galicia
Jews in Ukraine
Galicia
CIUS Seminar Audio Part 1 and 2. The tenth Institute seminar of the 1978-79 academic year at the University of Alberta took place on March 6, 1979. Dr. John-Paul Himka, research associate at the Institute and visiting assistant professor in the Department of History, spoke on "Interethnic Conflict in the Awakening Village: Ukrainians and Jews in Late Nineteenth Century Galicia." The speaker examined the ethno-religious and social antagonism between Ukrainian peasants and Jews in late nineteenth century Galicia. Previously, in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries a very similar antagonism had erupted in violence from time to time, ending in pogroms against local Jews. In the late nineteenth century, as a result of the penetration of the national movement into the villages, the conflict took on a different aspect. Instead of an elemental, violent struggle, the Ukrainian peasants engaged in an institutional one, establishing reading clubs (ehytalni) as rivals to predominantly Jewish taverns, and loan funds as rivals to local Jewish creditors. The seminar first discussed some problems impeding the objective study of Ukrainian- Jewish relations and then provided background on Ukrainian and Jewish society in Galicia. The main part of the seminar examined interethnic conflict in the village described in reports ( kovespondentsti) submitted to the popular Ukrainian press. Found in CIUS Newsletter Vol 3 Issue 2 (Spring 1979)
John-Paul Himka
CIUS Seminar Audio Part 1 and 2. Dr. B. Medwidsky, assistant professor in the Department of Slavic Languages, delivered the eighth Institute seminar at the University of Alberta. On February 6, 1979 he spoke on "Fables about Animals." Dr. Medwidsky discussed some texts of Kazky pro tvaryn , a recently published volume of Ukrainian animal tales. After a brief description of the genre and of the function of oral tradition in general, the speaker compared the total number of texts contained in this recent publication with that of a volume published sixty years earlier by V. Hnatiuk. He found the 1916 edition poorer than its 1976 sequel by 106 animal tales and 37 animal voice texts. The major part of Dr. Medwidsky ’s presentation was spent comparing texts (where editorial abbreviations had been performed; in the recent edition with their originals. His presentation stimulated a discussion on the subject of editing, bowdlerization and censorship in Soviet Ukrainian publications. Found in CIUS Newsletter Vol 3 Issue 2 (Spring 1979)
Bohdan Medwidsky
Ukrainians in Eastern Europe after World War II
CIUS Seminar Audio Part 1 and 2. Ivan Jaworsky, who is currently completing his M.A. in political science at Carleton University, spoke on "Ukrainians in Eastern Europe after World War II'' on February 26. His talk surveyed the situation of Ukrainian minorities in Poland, Czechoslovakia, Romania, and Yugoslavia. Although the number of Ukrainians in Eastern Europe has decreased greatly since the war as a result of boundary changes, by which Galicia, Bukovyna and Carpatho-Ukraine were transferred to Soviet Ukraine, small Ukrainian minorities remain in the countries reviewed. In his presentation the speaker gave an overview of the situation of each Ukrainian minority, commenting on their demographic, social, economic, cultural, organizational, and religious life. An emphasis was put on the factors influencing the development and survival of these minorities, such as: increasing assimilation due to out-migration from depressed rural areas where most Ukrainians live; the effect of Soviet foreign policy; attitudes of dominant nationalities toward Ukrainian minorities; state influence in official Ukrainian organizations (i.e., USKT in Poland, KSUT in Czechoslavakia) ; and the poorly developed sense of national identity in some areas where people still identify themselves as "Rusyn" or "Hutsul” Found in CIUS Newsletter Vol 3 Issue 2 (Spring 1979)
Ivan Jaworsky
Taras Shevchenko: The Great Ukrainian Romanticist
CIUS Seminar Audio Part 1 and 2. The ninth Institute seminar of the 1978-79 academic year took place on February 20. Dr. Oleh Zujewskyj, a professor in the Department of Slavic languages at the University of Alberta, read a seminar entitled, "Taras Shevchenko: The Great Ukrainian Romanticist." The speaker emphasized that Shevchenko's membership in the romantic school (as well as the realist one) is frequently examined without a detailed and objective study of the author's worldview. For this reason critics of various persuasions all too easily dismissed the bard's romanticism and saw realism even in his early works, e.g., Velykyi liokh. This tendency began with Khvedir Vovk (T.H. Shevchenko: Ioho dumy pro hromadske zhyttia 1876) and continues through Oleksandr Biletsky (Ideino-khudozhnie znachennia poemy "Velykyi liokh": Tezy 1958). According to Dr. O. Zujewskyj this error makes it impossible to see the interrelation between the poet's worldview and his writing style. A realist can never be a (philosophical) idealist just as positivism precludes only literary romanticism. Found in CIUS Newsletter Vol 3 Issue 2 (Spring 1979)
Oleh Zujewskyj
Ukrainian-Canadian Communists and the Kryza in Alberta
Communism
Ukrainian Communism in Canada
CIUS Seminar Audio Part 1 and 2. "Ukrainian-Canadian Communists and the Kryza in Alberta" was the topic of the seventh Institute seminar of the current academic year at the University of Alberta. Mr. Andrij Makuch, a recent B.A. (honours) graduate in history, and now a research assistant, gave the seminar on January 30, 1979. Ukrainian members of the Communist Party of Canada formed the backbone of the party since its inception in 1921, but played a minimal role in its key functions. They were restricted largely to activity within their foreign-language unit. When the Communist Party undertook a campaign to radicalize all Prairie farmers after the onset of the Great Depression, it sent the Ukrainian farmers into areas where they already had a degree of support, rather than into other fields. Their organizational efforts invoked manifestations of loyalty to their adopted country by Ukrainian patriots and an attempted disassociation of communism from Ukrainians. This was both a recognition of the tenuous acceptance Ukrainians had in Canadian society and a reflection of their genuine belief that the communists were undermining the British ideals which they had adopted as their own. The manner in which these forces played themselves out is best illustrated by events in Alberta, which had the largest Ukrainian block settlement in Canada and was an area of strong communist support. Found in CIUS Newsletter Vol 3 Issue 2 (Spring 1979)
Andrij Makuch
The Portrayal of Ukrainians in the Works of Morley Callaghan, W.O. Mitchell, Margaret Laurence, and Sinclair Ross
Ethnicity
Canadian Literature
CIUS Seminar Audio Part 1 and 2. On January 29, a seminar was presented by Anna Balan of Toronto entitled, "The Portrayal of Ukrainians in the Works of Morley Callaghan, W.O. Mitchell, Margaret Laurence, and Sinclair Ross." The speaker focussed on four Ukrainian characters in four novels by prominent Anglo- Canadian writers. All of these characters are Canadian-born, well educated professionals, and not pioneers. They are: Ann Prychodko in Morley Callaghan's They Shalt Inherit the Earth Peter Svarich in W.O. Mitchell's Who has Seen the Wind, Nick Kazlik in Margaret Laurence's A Jest of God and Nick Miller in Sinclair Ross' Sawbones Memorial. The speaker summarized the plots of the four novels, showed the role each of these characters played in the novel, and discussed how their ethnicity was depicted. She concluded that the Ukrainians were credibly. and effectively portrayed in all four novels. The more recently a novel had been written, the more central was the role played by the Ukrainian character, and the more the writer reflected changing attitudes of the Anglo-Canadian majority towards Ukrainians —from acceptance, through envy, to identification. Unfortunately, all of the Ukrainian characters are portrayed only as individuals within an Anglo-Canadian community. Although all four authors should be commended for introducing representatives of the ethnic component in Canadian society into their writing, the ethnic diversity of the Canadian reality has not yet truly been explored or developed by Anglo- Canadian writers. This must be done if Canadian literature is to be both relevant to all Canadians and present a truer picture of Canadian society. Found in CIUS Newsletter Vol 3 Issue 2 (Spring 1979)
Anna Balan
The Historical and Literary Background to Ukrainian-Spanish Relations
CIUS Seminar Audio Part 1 and 2. On February 12, Oleh Romanyshyn, who is currently completing his Ph.D. in the field of Spanish-Ukrainian literary relations, gave a seminar entitled, "The Historical and Literary Background to Ukrainian- Spanish Relations." Although Spain and Ukraine have never enjoyed formal relations, mutual awareness and contacts between the inhabitants of both countries (which probably began in the fifth century) were important in particular periods in history. There were many lines of communication: military, political, religious, educational, cultural, and personal. There is good evidence that during the Rus’ period of Ukraine’s history (particularly in the ninth and tenth centuries) a Slavic element played a significant military, political, and cultural role in Arabic Spain, and that Rus’ repeatedly came into military and commercial contact with Spanish Arabs. With the rise of the Cossack State, Ukraine became an important factor in European affairs, particularly in the seventeenth century: 1) as a tacit ally of Spain against the Ottoman Empire, and 2) as a bulwark against militant European Catholicism championed in the East by Poland, whose policies also drew strong support from Spain. Last but not least, trade in Christian slaves was always an important medium of continuous contact between Spaniards and Ukrainians until the eighteenth century. With the disappearance in 1775 of the last vestiges of Ukraine's independence, contacts with Spain became sporadic at best, and occurred on a personal and cultural level. After World War II a small Ukrainian community settled in Madrid. These historical and cultural relations between both countries can be looked upon as a background to what we may now call a "Spanish School" in Ukrainian literature. Found in CIUS Newsletter Vol 3 Issue 2 (Spring 1979)
Oleh Romanyshyn
The Response of the Ukrainian Canadians to the Displaced Persons Situation in Europe
Resettlement of Ukrainians
CIUS Seminar Audio Part 1 and 2. Michael Savaryn, a law student at the University of Alberta, delivered the sixth Institute seminar in Edmonton on January 16 with the presentation, "The Response of the Ukrainian Canadians to the Displaced Persons Situation in Europe". He examined the responses in Edmonton's Ukrainski Visti , edited by the late John Esaiw. The speaker quoted from a number of editorials which both appealed to Ukrainian Canadians for funds, clothing and other supplies, and pleaded with the Canadian Government to allow largescale immigration of Ukrainian refugees to Canada. Research on the life of the Ukrainians, who scattered throughout Western Europe after World War II in terrible fear of forced deportation to the Soviet Union, is scarce. Little is known about the number, qualifications, and plans of the refugees, and there is little evidence about how many were in fact deported, and how many managed to find their relatives or refuge in different countries. However, one fact is clear: their fate evoked a great deal of sympathy from Ukrainian Canadians, who even visited them in the Displaced Persons camps. The late Anthony Hlynka, a Ukrainian M.P. from Vegreville, Alberta, spoke on their behalf in the House of Commons. The actual amounts of money, clothing, food, affidavits, etc., raised by Ukrainian Canadians for their countrymen is not known, and it is time to research this subject. Indeed, it is time to record the experience of the post- World War II Ukrainian immigration generally, for the history of the Ukrainian Canadians without this chapter would be incomplete. Found in CIUS Newsletter Vol 3 Issue 2 (Spring 1979)
Michael Savaryn
Ukrainian Language Instruction in Great Britain and Alberta: Similarities and Contrasts
CIUS Seminar Audio Part 1 and 2. The seminar, "Ukrainian Language Instruction in Great Britain and Alberta: Similarities and Contrasts," was presented on November 28 by Ihor Kruk, M.A. candidate in Slavic literature at the University of Alberta. The speaker drew a parallel between the Ukrainian educational systems developed by the Ukrainian-speaking communities of Edmonton and Britain, 60,000 and 20,000 respectively. Whereas the British Ukrainian community has a "ridna shkola" system of 810 pupils in 30 schools with 116 teachers (1977-78), there were 528 pupils in 11 schools with 43 teachers in Edmonton (1978-79). A comparison of the two systems indicates that the British Ukrainians have a more coordinated system of "ridni shkoly" which includes a centralized educational program, visits by inspectors and standardized final examinations. Britain has only one professor at a public university who can teach Ukrainian; Edmonton has five professors of Ukrainian at the University of Alberta. Edmonton also has a bilingual programme in eight schools, with over 700 students in public and separate schools combined, a programme which does not exist in Britain. Alberta also has 34 junior high schools and 18 senior high schools which offer public instruction in Ukrainian. Nothing comparable exists in Britain's state educational systems, though "0" level examinations are available to those who study Ukrainian privately. The speaker also discussed the historical development of Ukrainian language instruction both in state and private "Saturday" schools, programs of teaching and teaching methods, the falling language fluency of younger generations, and teaching requirements for the future. Found in CIUS Newsletter Vol 3 Issue 1 (Winter 1978)
Ihor Kruk
The Present State of Ukrainian Bibliography and Its Critical Tasks
CIUS Seminar Audio Part 1 and 2. On December 6, Edward Kasinec, librarian at the Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute , gave a seminar entitled, "The Present State of Ukrainian Bibliography and Its Critical Tasks." Mr. Kasinec began his seminar with a frank evaluation of the failure of Ukrainians in North America to develop Ukrainian bibliography as a form of professional scholarship. Despite the physical destruction of Ukrainian librarians and libraries in the 1930s, during the war, and even recently with the burning of the library of the Academy of Science of the Ukrainian S.S.R., Ukrainian librarians in North America have failed to systematically structure and make easily available Ukrainian collections and bibliographies, leaving scholars with major gaps in their research. In recent years the climate for Ukrainian bibliographic work has changed: the National Archives in Ottawa, the Kennan Institute of the Smithsonian complex, and the Library of Congress in Washington are all now involved in surveying and preserving Ukrainian materials. Consequently a series of important projects now need to be undertaken. There is a need to begin to teach courses on the history of Ukrainian bibliography, and on works by regional, pre-revolutionary and post-revolutionary bibliographers. There is a need to develop research guides and indices for material from Ukraine and for materials that were produced by the Ukrainians in immigration. Indices for newspapers are particularly important. There is a need to establish who the best dealers are in Ukrainian materials, to develop better systems of classification and to upgrade the size of Ukrainian collections (relative to Russian collections) held at North American libraries. Mr. Kasinec suggested six priorities: a comprehensive bibliographical research guide to serve as an introduction to specific disciplines, a survey of the elements of the total book production on Ukrainian territory, reprinting classics in hard copies, developing a multiple genre approach to historical research, circulating information on low run Soviet publications available in the West (i.e., indices to serial publications), and locating and collecting unique materials held in private collections. Found in CIUS Newsletter Vol 3 Issue 1 (Winter 1978)
Edward Kasinec
P. Crath and T. Pavlychenko: Nationalism vs. Socialism in Ukrainian-Canadian Literature
Ukrainian Canadian Literature
Socialism
CIUS Seminar Audio Part 1 and 2. The final Institute seminar of the first term was held on December 5 when Dr. Yar Slavutych of the Department of Slavic Languages, University of Alberta, spoke on "P. Crath and T. Pavlychenko: Nationalism vs. Socialism in Ukrainian-Canadian Literature." The speaker examined the numerous poetic (seven collections) and two scholarly works of the active socialist Paul Crath [Pavlo Krat], who came to Canada in 1907 and proceeded to spread revolutionary ideas, departing from socialism to become a Protestant minister. As an ardent Ukrainian patriot, P. Crath attacked the Russian tsarist regime and yearned for an independent Ukraine during World War I. The speaker then discussed the only book of T. Pavlychenko ' s poetry Dukh natsii (Spirit of Nation). This author was a professor of the University of Saskatchewan and a known nationalist leader in Canada. In his poetry the author maintained that the strong are victorious and reject laws of higher justice. Only the cultivation of a mighty will and biological force can assure liberation from captivity. This applied both to the biological world and to nations in their historical development. The speaker presented Crath and Pavlychenko as talented poets who brought new and interesting ideas to Ukrainian-Canadian literature, and who deserve deeper and more comprehensive study. Found in CIUS Newsletter Vol 3 Issue 1 (Winter 1978)
Yar Slavutych
Housing Segregation and Mobility of Ukrainians in Manchester
Class
Culture
CIUS Seminar Audio Part 1 and 2. On November 14, Roman Petryshyn, research associate at the Institute, spoke on "Housing Segregation and Mobility of Ukrainians in Manchester." The study reported on survey research, consisting of a mail questionnaire and interview schedule, completed in 1975 with a selection of Ukrainian community members in Manchester, England. Results revealed a general housing pattern which was classified as follows: 1947-49, European voluntary workers' hostels; 1948-52, residency with Ukrainian landlords and friends; 1950, first home ownership in row housing; 1962, second home ownership in semi-detached housing; 1970, third home ownership. The improved economic position of respondents was suggested as an explanation for the mobility of most Ukrainians out of the urban immigrant centre and into better quality housing located away from the inner-city. The housing experience of Ukrainians in Manchester was tested against a model of immigrant housing proposed by D. JV Smith (1978). It was found that the Ukrainian experience was adequately explained by Smith's model, which indicated why Ukrainians settled in decaying metropolitan centres, how a pattern of rental to fellow Ukrainians emerged and developed, and why initial settlement took place in a limited area and then dispersed. The discussion which followed the presentation explored the question of whether class or cultural factors provided better explanations for housing behaviour among Ukrainians. The speaker, arguing the former, suggested that for second and subsequent generations of Ukrainians in Canada, the development of cooperative housing projects—Ukrainian-speaking urban villages—could be a useful method to enable small populations to pursue alternative cultural lifestyles. This would apply to groups who wished to practice bilingual living and the development of ethnic minority culture. Found in CIUS Newsletter Vol 3 Issue 1 (Winter 1978)
Roman Petryshyn
Saving the Displaced Persons: The Central Ukrainian Relief Bureau
CIUS Seminar Audio Part 1 and 2. Stanley Frolick presented a second seminar on November 13 entitled, "Saving the Displaced Persons: The Central Ukrainian Relief Bureau," in which he described the activities of the Central Ukrainian Relief Bureau (CURB) from its inception after the end of World War II to 1946 — the period of his personal involvement. He stressed that this was a little-known, yet most fascinating chapter of Ukrainian-Canadian history, which reflects the role Ukrainian emigrations ought to play. A full, objective and scholarly account of this history has still to be written. CURB was formed through the voluntary initiative of the Ukrainian Canadian Servicemen's Association (UCSA) in London as a result of Allied soldiers' encounters with Ukrainian POWs, displaced persons, Ostarbeitev3 Soviet deserters, and concentration camp inmates. UCSA began to provide material support with help from Ukrainian women's organizations in Canada and the United States. CURB'S role changed when the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) and the Red Cross took over material support of the displaced persons. Its main role became the defense of Ukrainians against forcible repatriation, Ukrainian resettlement to Western countries, and combating Soviet propaganda through the Ukrainian Information Service. Although CURB was sponsored by the Ukrainian Canadian Relief Fund and the United Ukrainian American Relief Fund (member organizations of the Ukrainian Canadian Committee and the Ukrainian Congress Committee of America respectively) problems arose because it did not represent these organizations. Thus there was a constant tug of war between CURB and UCC/UCCA. The speaker described in detail the structure and inner workings of CURB, the manner in which military zones functioned, and visits by CURB representatives to POW and DP camps. The presentation was concluded by Dr. Bolubash's short account of the experiences of the Ukrainian DPs at Heidenau with the Soviet repatriation commission. He contrasted this experience with the arrival of CURB representatives at that camp. Found in CIUS Newsletter Vol 3 Issue 1 (Winter 1978)
Stanley Frolick
Growing Up in Halychyna in the 1930's: A Ukrainian Canadian Perspective
CIUS Seminar Audio Part 1 and 2. On November 6, 1978, the CIUS seminar heard the unique reminiscences of Stanley Frolick, a well-known leader in Toronto's Ukrainian community. As a young Ukrainian Canadian, Frolick spent nine years, from 11 to 20 (1932-41), living and studying in Halychyna. In sharp contrast to the Alberta mining town where he had been born, Frolick found the Ukrainians of the Carpathians rich in folk culture; this had a profound effect on the young student giving him a sense of belonging and security. Once a decision had been made to stay in Halychyna, Frolick' s uncle, a local priest, ensured that he had private tutoring from one of the many unemployed Ukrainians who were prevented from getting government teaching positions, and from whom Frolick first experienced the intense nationalism of inter-war Halychyna. The nationalism was rooted in three factors: the recent loss of an independent state in the revolutionary period; Polish repression of the population; and the uncompromising struggle of the youthful OUN. As a resident student in a "bursa" of the "gymnasium" in Stanyslaviv, Frolick experienced the rather spartan educational facilities and primitive teaching methods of inter-war Halychyna. The seminar was told of the class distinctions in society, which were expressed socially at the bursa through a formal system of salutation and deference. Classmates could address themselves as "ty"; students two grades above were addressed as "vy" or "vy tovaryshu"; and students of the highest grades were addressed as "vy pane tovaryshu." The seminar concluded with an evaluation of Ukrainian and Canadian educational systems. Education was the privilege of a small Ukrainian elite in inter-war Poland. In comparison to the unpoliticized individualism and egotism of Canadian students, Ukrainian students of the time were imbued with a sense of collectivism and responsibility to serve their people. A copy of the seminar paper is available in the fugitive file of unpublished papers in the Institute's library, at the University of Alberta. Found in CIUS Newsletter Vol 3 Issue 1 (Winter 1978)
Russia and Ukraine: The Difference that Peter I Made
CIUS Seminar Audio Part 1 and 2. Part 1 Audio begins at 3:35. In his presentation, "Russia and Ukraine: The Difference that Peter I Made," Dr. O. Subtelny, Associate Professor, Department of History, Hamilton College in Clinton, New York, argued that the state, as an institution, does not provide a useful framework for analyzing Ukrainian-Russian relations (or relations between Cossack Ukraine and Moscovite tsardom) prior to the period of Peter I for two reasons: (1) the two basic pillars of the early modern state - a standing army and a full-fledged bureaucracy - were non-existent in the Hetmanate, and only began to evolve in seventeenth century Muscovy; and (2) the basic functions of the absolutist state - coordination, coercion, and extraction of wealth - were inoperative in the tsars' relations with the Hetmanate. If the institutions of the state did not bind the two lands together, what did? The only other means by which two very different lands could be linked in early modern Europe was some form of vassalage. The Treaty of Pereiaslav established a modified form of vassal relationship between the Zaporozhian Host and the Muscovite tsar. The point of these modifications was that they allowed the tsar to preserve the forms of Muscovite autocracy (his refusal to swear an oath to his new subjects), while it gave the Ukrainians the terms which all vassals could expect of their new sovereign (non-interference in internal affairs, etc.). The significance of Peter I's innovations was that they abolished an essentially personal relationship between the Ukrainians and the tsar and created the institutions which could encompass both Ukrainians and Russians in one common state. It was no longer a common monarchy but a common state which linked Ukrainians and Russians: all the innovations which Peter I introduced in Ukraine fit neatly into the basic functions of statehood. Only after Peter I's changes were implemented did the tsar have the capacity to pursue coordinative, coercive, and extractive policies in Ukraine. Found in CIUS Newsletter Vol 3 Issue 1 (Winter 1978)
Orest Subtelny
Ukrainian Canadian Newspaper Holdings in Canada
CIUS Seminar Audio Part 1 and 2. The second Institute seminar took place on October 31 when Frances Swyripa, research associate in the Institute, spoke on "Ukrainian- Canadian Newspaper Holdings in Canada." The speaker indicated where Ukrainian-Canadian newspapers can be found in Canada, i.e., provincial archives and libraries, the Public Archives of Canada and National Library, university libraries, public libraries, and, most importantly, private institutions, and private collections in the Ukrainian community. The extent, condition, and organization of individual holdings is important, especially for the preservation of a record of the Ukrainian press in Canada and easy access for researchers to defunct publications or early issues of today's press. F. Swyripa outlined the microfilming process, including provincial and national microfilming programs, and policies regarding the permanent preservation of the ethnic press. Found in CIUS Newsletter Vol 3 Issue 1 (Winter 1978)
Frances Swyripa
Natalia Kobrynska: A Formulator of Feminism
Feminism
CIUS Seminar Audio Part 1 and 2. As a participant in the conference on the status of women in eastern Europe, Dr. Martha Bohachevsky-Chomiak gave an unscheduled Institute seminar on "Natalia Kobrynska: A Formulator of Feminism." The seminar took place on October 26, 1978. Although Natalia Kobrynska is well known as a turn-of-the-centttry author of short stories, her role in the women’s emancipation movement is also significant. The speaker first briefly outlined Kobrynska’ s biography and discussed her evolution as a writer. Her leading role in the Ukrainian women’s movement was then examined. She was in the forefront of the movement for rural day care centers and communal kitchens; she also edited women's almanacs and organized women’s societies. In many respects, Kobrynska was far ahead of her time and consequently encountered much opposition from her conservative contemporaries. Found in CIUS Newsletter Vol 3 Issue 1 (Winter 1978)
Martha Bohachevsky-Chomiak
The Methodist Church and Ukrainians in Canada, 1901–1925: A Study in Assimilation Policy
Church
Methodist Rural Home Missions
CIUS Seminar Audio Part 1 and 2. Part 2 audio begins at 4:45. The seminar, "The Methodist Church and Ukrainians in Canada, 1901-1925: A Study in Assimilation Policy," was given by Vivian Olender on October 23. Anglo-Celtic Canadians at the turn of the twentieth century believed Canada should develop as a homogeneous, white Anglo-Saxon and Protestant (WASP) nation; the concept of a pluralistic and multicultural society was incomprehensible. Ukrainian immigrants, in particular, were treated as members of an inferior race and culture. During this period Canadian Methodists believed WASP culture to be the Christian culture, and their church to be Church of Christ . Thus religious sanction was given to both the superiority of WASP culture and the prevailing prejudice against Ukrainians. In Methodist literature of the period, Ukrainians are described as "dirty, unkempt, and unlettered children." Ukrainians are similar in appearance to Anglo-Celts but "most of them are shorter and stouter and maybe more dark faces." They also wear a "strange attire of innumerable layers" so that it is difficult to distinguish the men from the women. An extensive programme of home missions was established in Ukrainian bloc settlements on the prairies to preach the gospel of salvation by assimilation and adoption of WASP, middle-class values. Methodists concentrated on the Ukrainians because they belonged to the inferior Slavic race and were members of a decadent church. Second, Ukrainians immigrated in large numbers and were highly visible in their traditional peasant clothes. Third and most important, Ukrainians settled in large bloc colonies which hindered assimilation. Methodists were concerned that the unassimilated Ukrainians would use the power of their vote to bring Canada down to the Ukrainian level. Converts who joined the Methodist church were alienated from their fellow Ukrainians because they were compelled to accept the WASP lifestyle and with it, a condemnation of Ukrainian culture. Ukrainians considered these individuals to be traitors. Ironically, the main result of the Methodist home mission programme was to reinforce the identification of Ukrainian ethnicity with the Ukrainian Catholic or Orthodox churches. Found in CIUS Newsletter Vol 3 Issue 1 (Winter 1978)
Vivian Olender
CIUS Seminar Audio Part 1 and 2. On March 16, 1978, B. Krawchenko and J. Carter presented a seminar entitled "Profile of Ukrainian Dissidents." B. Krawchenko is a visiting assistant professor in the Department of Political Science and a research associate in the Institute. J. Carter is a computer analyst with the Government of Alberta and a graduate student in the Faculty of Education, University of Alberta. Their seminar reported the findings of a research project which collected data from a variety of samvydav sources on almost one thousand dissidents in the Ukrainian SSR. The data was coded and fed into a computer. The speakers outlined the various steps involved in the project — from research design to code book — and gave some preliminary results of their study. Found in CIUS Newsletter Vol 2 Issue 4 (Spring 1978)
Bohdan Krawchenko, Jim Carter
Russo-Ukrainian Relations: March 1917–January 1918
Russia–Ukraine
CIUS Seminar Audio Part 1 and 2. The eighth Institute seminar at the University of Alberta was held on February 23, 1978. Mr. Nestor Makuch, a third year honors history student, spoke on "Russo-Ukrainian Relations: March 1917–January 1918." Ukrainian political currents in Russian controlled Ukraine from the mid-nineteenth' century to 1917 had been predominantly federalist in character. Their major concern was the creation of an autonomous Ukraine within a democratic federated Russia built upon the national principle. This national concern was closely linked to social issues in Ukraine. The predominantly rural and uneducated Ukrainians, occupying economically inferior positions were dominated by powerful urban non-Ukrainian elements (mostly Russian and Jewish). When the Ukrainian Central Rada was formed in March 1917, it attempted to apply its principle of federalism to the contemporary situation in Ukraine. It encountered strong resistance from the Provisional Government, however, and became engaged in prolonged, fruitless arguments over power. This diversion of the Rada's attention from pressing social issues prevented it from retaining mass support. The speaker examined the situation and events in Russian-controlled Ukraine from the March revolution (1917) to the proclamation of the Fourth Universal (22 January 1918), which forced the Rada to break with its inherited vision of a Ukraine within a Russian federation and to proclaim a sovereign independent Ukraine. Found in CIUS Newsletter Vol 2 Issue 3 (Winter 1978)
Ukrainian-Canadian Art: Problems of Definition and Prospects for the Future
CIUS Seminar Audio Part 1 and 2. On February 2, Mr. Jaroslaw Balan, a Masters' student in English at the University of Alberta, presented the seventh Institute seminar of the 1977-78 academic year at the University of Alberta entitled "Ukrainian-Canadian Art: Problems of Definition and Prospects for the Future." The speaker addressed himself to the following questions: Is there such a thing as Ukrainian- Canadian art? If so, how does one identify it? Is it useful to classify art in terms of ethnicity in form or content? How does one make distinctions between the definitions: Ukrainian art, Canadian art, Ukrainian-Canadian and Canadian-Ukrainian art? Some observations were made about the emergence of Ukrainian-Canadian art and the possible future of such art. Mr. Balan attempted to develop a set of guidelines— a framework—within which Ukrainian- Canadian art could be discussed coherently and consistently. Most practical examples were drawn from literature and painting. Found in CIUS Newsletter Vol 2 Issue 3 (Winter 1978)
Jars Balan
Ukrainian Canadians and Regional Federalism
Quebec
CIUS Seminar Audio Part 1 and 2. The fifth Institute seminar of the 1977-78 academic year was held on December 1. Dr. Manoly Lupul spoke on " Ukrainian Canadians and Regional Federalism." In his presentation the speaker analyzed the linguistic-cultural situation in Canada, with emphasis on Quebec, and rejected both separation and the present federal arrangement as viable options for that province. Dr. Lupul put forward a new concept, regional federalism, whereby the regions of Canada would institute language policies in accordance with the ethnocultural character of their population. In Quebec French must become the sole language of communication and Dr. Lupul criticized the powerful Anglophone minority in Quebec for its reluctance to learn French. The resulting "one-way' bilingualism, forced the Francophone majority to learn the language of the minority —English— in order to survive in a predominantly Anglophone economic community. Tensions would ease considerably if Anglophones were to use the language of the Francophone majority. Most Quebecers would still require a knowledge of English to survive on the North American continent, while the non-Anglo-Celtic and non-French ethnic groups would have to become trilingual in order to preserve their identity. Ethnic groups in other provinces, however, should be better accommodated within the policy of official bilingualism, and should be allowed to further their cultural and linguistic aspirations. In the Prairie provinces, for example, the larger groups, such as the Ukrainians or Germans, should have access to their native language in education as exemplified by the Ukrainian-English bilingual program in Edmonton, a permanent feature of Alberta's school system. Found in CIUS Newsletter Vol 2 Issue 2 (Winter 1977)
Uсrainica mediaevalis in the University of Alberta Library, or 'You Mean We Have That in Our Collection?'
CIUS Seminar Audio Part 1 and 2. Part 2 audio begins at 03:23. The sixth Institute seminar at the University of Alberta was held on January 19. Dr. Peter A. Rolland, assistant professor in the Department of Slavic Languages spoke on "Uorainica mediaevalis in the University of Alberta Library, or 'You Mean We Have That in Our Collection?"' Dr. Rolland surveyed the microfilm copies of significant Middle Ukrainian and Middle Belorussian printed books (15 - I8cc.) which the University of Alberta has obtained from the Rare Book Collection of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR (AN URSR) . They are presently housed in the Micromaterials Collection of the university library together with commentaries on the most important of these imprints. The speaker noted that of the 325 titles obtained from Kyiv, the 112 from Western Rus' (Ukraine and Belorussia) represent some of the oldest centres of early East Slavic printing—Vilnius, Ostroh, Kyiv, and Lviv. Among other imprints the speaker noted those of Krakow (Casoslov, 1482), Venice (5 Service books, 1519-1546) and Moscow (2 Gospel books and 1 Apostol printed before 1564). Prominent among imprints from Western Rus' are the Lviv Apostol (1574), the Ostroh Bible (1581), the Great Lithuanian Statute (1583) , the 1619 edition of Smotryt sky's Church Slavonic grammar, and the Slu&ebnik (1629) and Euohologion of Petro Mohyla. Works by individual preachers and poets include Baranovych' s Mea duxovnyj (1666) and Truby stoves (1674), Galiatovsky' s Kazanja (1660), Kljuc razumenija (1663, 1665) Nebo novoje (1665), Radyvylovsky ' s Ohorodok Marii (1676), Tuptalo's Runo orosennoje (1702). Dr. Rolland concluded that the collection represents an invaluable source of material for all students of Middle Ukrainian and Middle Belorussian literature, history, and culture. Found in CIUS Newsletters Vol 2 Issue 3 (Winter 1978)
Peter A. Rolland, Peter Rolland
Class and Ethnicity in the Ukrainian Group in Canada
Economics
CIUS Seminar Audio Part 1 and 2. Professor Isajiw, of the Department of Sociology, University of Toronto, presented a seminar on February 9 entitled "Class and Ethnicity in the Ukrainian Group in Canada." It elaborated on a theme discussed earlier at a seminar in Edmonton. Professor Isajiw' s presentation centered on the question of whether class or ethnicity is more important in explaining the behaviour of an ethnic group. Professor Isajiw outlined the economic-occupational history of Ukrainians in Canada, based on official censuses. Although there has been a large and rapid decrease in the number of Ukrainians occupied in farming, Ukrainians still remain comparatively underrepresented in white collar occupations and trail behind the general labor force and most other ethnic groups, including other Slavs, in level of education and average income. The social standing of Ukrainians, as viewed subjectively by others, is quite low—in the same category as Mediterranean, Central European, and other East European immigrants. This could be attributed to the class background and occupations of the first Ukrainian immigrants. Before World War II, the peasants from western Ukraine were funnelled into farming and unskilled jobs. Their maintenance of traditional values delayed social mobility. Not until after World War II, when Ukrainians with a higher level of education arrived, did the social composition of Ukrainians become differentiated. However due to their lack of knowledge of English, the absence of an employment placement network, and because the pre-war Ukrainian immigrants were still low on the occupational scale, the latest immigrants suffered a process of declassing; their jobs rarely reflected their educational backgrounds. The government lacked institutions which could absorb immigrant talents. Hence, the declassed immigrants entered existing ethnic organizations, imposing new cultural values on them. A class phenomenon, it was an attempt to maintain the status and prestige they had possessed in Ukraine. The emigre organizations acted as vehicles for social mobility, especially for those former peasants whose status had risen as a result of political participation. These organizations, aimed at cultural ethnic preservation and not entrance into Canadian society, articulated group rather than individual values. A result of the ethnic structure in Ukraine, where Ukrainian ethnicity has always been "under seige," they overemphasized ethnicity as a means of cultural perpetuation among Ukrainians more so than other ethnic groups. Language was crucial in distinguishing the Ukrainians from Poles or Russians. The speaker concluded that to explain the socio-economic situation of Ukrainians in Canada one must use both the concepts of class (power, prestige, wealth) and ethnicity (ancestry, culture, value, customs, socialization). Found in CIUS Newsletters Vol 2 Issue 3 (Winter 1978)
Ivan Dziuba—From Internationalism or Russification to Facets of a Crystal
Ukrainian Dissent
CIUS Seminar Audio Part 1 and 2. The Institute's fourth seminar of the current academic year took place on November 17. Michael Savaryn, first year law student at the University of Alberta, spoke on "Ivan Dziuba—From International- ism or Russification to Facets of a Crystal. The writers of the 1960s gave Ukrainian cultural life a spark of inspiration. Ivan Dziuba, a literary critic, symbolized the post-Stalin renaissance in Ukraine by becoming a political activist. For ten years, seemingly motivated by uncompromising conviction, Dziuba fearlessly criticized government policies; his actions culminated in the preparation and circulation of the now renowned dissertation Internationalism or Russification. Then, quite unexpectedly, Dziuba broke down under pressure and recanted. Valentyn Moroz attributes this downfall to Dziuba's lack of fervent faith combined with too much logic and "realism." Leonid Pliushch, on the other hand, believes that Dziuba lacked the necessary ideological persistence, and that his arguments were overly emotional. There is also a third interpretation Dziuba was part of a reformist movement in Ukraine whose success depended on a strong lobby for reform and compromise by Ukraine's top political leaders. Indeed, Shelest, the first secretary of the C.P.U. , encouraged efforts to improve the status of the Ukrainian language in Ukraine, and Dziuba naturally became a fullblown political activist at a time when the system seemed to offer genuine opportunities for reform. Two trends have been evident within the dissident movement in Ukraine: one consisted of reformists willing to compromise with the system while demanding reform, another consisted of uncompromising revolutionaries who lack contact with the political elite. When in 1972 the entire political elite in Ukraine was purged, Shelestivshchyna fell, and Dziuba, imprisoned at that time, saw his movement torn to shreds. He had become a dying remnant of a bygone era. Resistance was futile because his self-imposed duty was reformism, and he had adhered to it to the end of its possible life. Found in CIUS Newsletter Vol 2 Issue 2 (Winter 1977)
Collectivization of Agriculture in West Ukraine and OUN-UPA Resistance, 1944-1950
Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA)
Collectivization
CIUS Seminar Audio Part 1 and 2. The first Institute seminar of the 1978-79 academic year at the University of Alberta was held on October 17. David R. Marples, doctoral candidate in the Department of History at the University of Alberta, spoke on "Collectivization of Agriculture in West Ukraine and OUN-UPA Resistance, 1944-1950." Having outlined the Soviet achievements in collectivization in 1939-1941, the speaker examined the effects of World War II on West Ukrainian agriculture. The land was redistributed and zemelni hromady were formed. As a result of the OUN-UPA resistance, Soviet military forces and cadres were brought in from the east. The speaker discussed UPA attacks in detail and the concomitant political changes in each oblast. Found in CIUS Newsletter Vol 3 Issue 1 (Winter 1978)
David Marples, David R. Marples
Controversies over the Cultural Development of Pre-Ninth-Century Slavs
Ukraine's Historiography
CIUS Seminar Audio Part 1 and 2. In his presentation entitled, "Controversies over the Cultural Development of Pre-Ninth-Century Slavs," Roman Zurba, an M.A. student in archeology, discussed the Middle Dnieper region as the cradle of Kievan Rus ' . Research on the first millenium A.D. is an important period not only for the study of the origins of Rus', but also for the study of the cultural development of all East Slavic peoples. / Modern archeological controversy on this subject began near the end of the nineteenth century when the archeologist V. V. Khvoika uncovered two hitherto unknown cultures in Kiev Province—the Zarubynetsk (c. 200 B.C.-200 A.D.) and Cherniakhivsk (c. 200 A.D. -500 A.D.). He placed them in a direct cultural link to Kievan Rus’, and thereby formulated the autochthonous theory. This ran counter to the Gothic theory proposed by German and Polish scholars. In 1954, the Cherniakhivsk culture was characterized as multi-ethnic. In formulating these interpretations, researchers all saw the same physical and cultural manifestations. However, their analyses were based on scholarly upbringing, which affected their conceptions. The speaker then outlined the development and vicissitudes of Ukrainian archeology in postrevolution times. Political sanctions against the Kievan school have considerably altered archeological research. However, in spite of purges and the rise of new scholars, Khvoika's theory remains the most vital and workable. / The speaker outlined his view of archeological development in the Middle Dnieper region by interpreting the proto-historic period in terms of North American theory. Here the dominant concept is that of "tradition": a cultural continuum in a geographical area which is characterized by a definite patterning of subsistence practices, technology, and ecological adaptations. In this manner, attention was devoted to the stones-and-bones aspect of the three major cultures—Zarubynetsk, Cherniakhivsk, and early Slav (Penkivsk type) . The example of the archeological site at Horodok was used as a paleo-economic model to polemicize with historians who saw the early Slavs as cattle breeders migrating through eastern Europe. / The concept of autochthonous cultural development in the Middle Dnieper region in the first millenium A.D. was used to outline three major phases: the florescent period, the developed period, and the period of decline. The Zarubynetsk and Cherniakhivsk cultures were tied to the spread of the Celtic renascence and the outward expansion of the Roman empire into Dacia (Romania and Moldavia). The last period corresponded to the decline of the Roman empire and a period of attacks by various steppe peoples, i.e., the Avars. This period strongly resembled the post-Mongol culture in Ukraine with its return to more simple and primitive forms. Found in CIUS Newsletter Vol 3 Issue 1 (Winter 1978)
Roman Zurba
The Changing Status of Ukrainian-Canadian Women
Economic Integration
CIUS Seminar Audio Part 1 and 2. Using census and statistical material from W. Darcovich and P. Yuzyk (eds.), "Statistical Compendium on Ukrainian Canadians, 1891-1977" and material from a survey of historical and sociological literature, the first seminar in the Institute's series at the University of Toronto provided a social and demographic framework for the study of Ukrainian-Canadian women. The paper entitled, "The Changing Status of Ukrainian-Canadian Women," outlined some basic social characteristics of Ukrainian-Canadian women from 1921 to 1971. The data examined included periods of immigration, regional distribution, urban-rural distribution, country of birth, and age distribution. The paper discussed the participation of Ukrainian- Canadian women in the paid work force, and particularly women's changing occupational patterns. / According to the 1971 census, the overwhelming majority of Ukrainian-Canadian women were Canadian-born and approximated the overall Canadian female urban-rural distribution. An approximation to Canadian norms was also found in occupational and educational patterns. In 1921, on the other hand, Ukrainian-Canadian women were grossly over represented in the educational category "illiterate" and the occupational categories "agriculture and service." In 1971, they were still slightly over represented in the category of those with only elementary education. In occupational categories Ukrainian-Canadian women were still slightly overrepresented in the service and agricultural categories. / The paper suggested that the patterns of occupational and educational change were primarily explained by socio-economic changes in society which affected the participation of all women in the work force. Factors such as the growth of the "clerical" as opposed to the "service" sector and the sex-segregation of jobs were discussed. Provisional explanations for the social patterns among Ukrainian-Canadian women discussed the role of ethnic discrimination, the specific historical experience of Ukrainian Canadians, and Ukrainian-Canadian socialization. Found in CIUS Newsletter Vol 3 Issue 1 (Winter 1978)
Marusia Petryshyn
Communism and the Dilemmas of National Liberation: The CP(b)U, 1919–33
Ukrainian National Liberation Movement
Communist Party of Ukraine
Bolshevik Revolution
CIUS Seminar Audio Part 1 and 2. In his seminar, "Communism and the Dilemmas of National Liberation: The CP(b)U, 1919–33," James Mace, doctoral candidate in history. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, took the position that events in Ukraine after the Soviet revolution were and still are relevant to international developments. The first attempt in the world to reconcile socialism and nationalism failed in Ukraine because of the continuing dilemma between identity and purpose, and the inherent contradictions between the goals of socialism and nationalism. The speaker provided an overview of Bolshevik theories and practices before, during, and after the revolution by focusing on Lenin's writings and on the Bolsheviks' attitude towards Ukraine. The 1915 debate between Lev Iurkevych and Lenin foreshadowed the future conflicts which would arise between Ukrainian and Russian communists. / The Bolsheviks viewed Ukraine primarily as a source of food and acted accordingly—pillaging and expropriating grain during the civil war. Bolshevik policy then changed to "socialism with a Ukrainian face" to win popular support from the peasantry. The speaker focussed on the struggles between: the Bolsheviks and the Ukrainian "kulak" peasantry; voices for change from within the RCP (b) (i.e., Mazlakh, Shakhrai, and Lapchinsky); the merger of the "Ukapisty" and "Borotbisty" with the Bolsheviks; and debates about Ukrainization reflected in the writings of Ravich-Cherkassky, Iavorsky, Popov, Khvylovy, Shumsky, Volobuiev, and Skrypnyk. / The speaker concluded that attempts at Ukrainization ended after Stalin defeated his opposition and no longer needed the support of the non-Russian Bolsheviks. After collectivization and the famine, it was no longer necessary to placate the Ukrainian countryside; full-scale Russification could begin. The attempt to guarantee Ukrainian national aspirations through communism was only a surrogate for independence; it was a relative degree of political and economic autonomy dependent on the centralist powers in Moscow. The only major Ukrainian achievement of this period was in the cultural field, but this was thwarted by the wholesale destruction of the Ukrainian intelligentsia in the 1930s. Thus the dilemma of identity and purpose was never solved. Russian communism triumphed by repudiating the promises it had made to the non-Russian nationalities. Found in CIUS Newsletter Vol 3 Issue 1 (Winter 1978)
James E. Mace, James Mace
Slavic Languages: Problems of Differentiation and Integration
Linguistics
Ukrainian Grammar
CIUS Seminar Audio Part 1, 2, and 3. On April 11 Dr. George Y. Shevelov presented a lecture in the Department of Slavic Languages at the University of Alberta entitled "Slavic Languages: Problems of Differentiation and Integration." He noted the present status of the various Slavic languages, outlined their historical development and relationships, and offered some analyses and generalizations. The well-attended lecture was followed by a lengthy discussion. Found in CIUS Newsletter Vol 2 Issue 4 (Spring 1978)
George Shevelov
Mykhailo Drahomanov: A Reassessment of the Man and His Ideas
Russian Revolution
CIUS Seminar Audio Part 1 and 2. In a seminar entitled, "Mykhailo Drahomanov: A Reassessment of the Man and His Ideas," Christine Worobec, M. A., recent history graduate from the University of Toronto, concentrated upon Mykhailo Drahomanov 's thought and the unique position this historian, political scientist and journalist, folklorist and literary critic held in the turbulent political arena which plagued the Russian autocratic regime in the latter half of the nineteenth century. Dedicated to the realization of complete political freedom in the Russian empire, Drahomanov strode the centrifugal forces of both Russian radicalism and Ukrainian nationalism. This life-long struggle, however, resulted in Drahomanov 's isolation from both Russian revolutionary circles and the focal point of the Ukrainian national movement, the Kievan "Hromada." This was due to his unrelenting critical nature and, more importantly, his perceptive conception of nationalism, the progressive aspects of which were intrinsically tied to his quest for freedom within the confines of the Russian empire. Against ethnic chauvinism and reaction, Drahomanov paradoxically was destined to suffer isolation from the Russian revolutionary circles due to his so-called "Ukrainophile" leanings. At the same time, his Russian political activity contributed to his ostracism from the conservative Kievan "Hromada," which censured his Ukrainian pursuits as too radical. / The paper reexamined the most striking feature of Drahomanov' s political ideology, i.e., the fusion of cosmopolitanism and nationalism and its practical application in relation to the Russian revolutionary and Ukrainian national movements. Discussion touched on: Drahomanov 's veneration of historical progress as an evolutionary process bringing man closer to perfection with each successive era; his propagation of socialist anarchism as the ideal form of human association; his advocacy of a decentralized federated state in place of the autocratic tsarist regime; and finally, his definition of the "plebeian" nation and nationalism in general. / After the paper, the consensus was that Drahomanov has most decidedly been misunderstood and unjustly neglected as an important nineteenth-century figure. Although his name has not been put alongside the readily familiar names of Russian or Ukrainian revolutionaries, his ideas and their application to concrete problems enriched both the Russian revolutionary and the Ukrainian national movements. Drahomanov's unique position and his voluminous writings provide a wealth of unused material for the historian who is interested in a novel, perceptive view of nineteenth-century social developments.
Christine Worobec
Ukrainian Politics in Galicia: 1860–1878
Historiography
CIUS Seminar Audio Part 1 and 2. The final Institute seminar of the current academic year at the University of Alberta took place on March 30, 1978. Dr. J.-P. Himka spoke on "Ukrainian Politics in Galicia, 1860-78." Ukrainians in the crownland of Galicia underwent internal political differentiation in the early years of Austria's constitutional era, a differentiation that dominated western Ukrainian politics into the twentieth century. In the years 1860-78 three political groupings crystallized: Russophiles, Ukrainophiles, and Radicals. Russophiles, in reaction to Polish domination in Galicia, developed an orientation toward tsarist Russia, considering themselves Russians, and rejecting a separate Ukrainian identity. Ukrainophiles and Radicals, however, identified themselves with the Ukrainian nation and employed the Ukrainian vernacular of Galicia in their publications. Although Ukrainophiles and Radicals adopted a similar position on the national question, they differed on social issues. / The speaker outlined the development of the differentiation, emphasizing social and cultural motivating factors. Found in CIUS Newsletter Vol 2 Issue 4 (Spring 1978)