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                <text>In the shadow of the Rockies : diary of the Castle Mountain internment camps, 1915-1917 </text>
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                <text>It is still a little-known fact that during the First World War and in the immediate postwar period (1914–1920), Canadian Internment Operations imprisoned more than 8,000 individuals. The majority of those interned were civilian non-combatants, Ukrainians and other immigrants who had come to Canada from the Austro-Hungarian Empire to work in industry or to settle on western homesteads. Twenty-four receiving stations and internment camps were established across Canada.&#13;
&#13;
A camp at Banff/Castle Mountain operated between 1915 and 1917. More than 600 internees were put to work on various projects in Rocky Mountain Park (now Banff National Park), which was being developed at that time as Canada’s first national park. The diary of the Banff/Castle Mountain camp provides detailed insight into the practice of Canada’s internment policy during the First World War and reveals a unique episode in the human history of Canada’s national park system. Historical landmarks in Banff National Park such as the Bankhead Mine, the Tunnel Mountain Road and Trans-Canada Highway, the Spray River Bridge, and the Banff Springs golf course were constructed, rebuilt, or extended by “Austro-Hungarian” civilian non-combatants interned at Banff/Castle Mountain.</text>
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                <text>This volume, a collective study of the post-World War II Ukrainian emigrants in Germany and Austria, departs from the standard approach to immigration studies. Instead of focusing on the immigrants’ adjustment to their host societies (the United States, Canada, Australia, the countries of Latin America, and others), the approach in this volume assumes the primary importance of the pre-immigration experience. The twenty-five contributions to this book present a detailed analysis of the social conditions that shaped the Ukrainian displaced persons, with particular attention to the five-year period that many of them spent in internationally organized resettlement camps.&#13;
&#13;
The essays in this volume are grouped in nine sections covering the most important facets of the displaced persons’ lives. These include an assessment of the DP phenomenon in the context of Ukrainian history; its demographic dimensions; an examination of the economic and organizational structure of the DP camps; the role of political parties and nationalist ideology; the activities of the Catholic and Orthodox churches; the establishment of schools and women’s organizations; the proliferation of literary, cultural, and scholarly activity; Soviet efforts at repatriation and the Allied response; the resettlement of Ukrainians in the USA and Canada; and a sociological and psychological interpretation of the DP experience. Four contributions by eyewitnesses round out the volume.</text>
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                <text>CIUS Seminar Audio.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Lisa Efimov-Schneider, currently a Ph.D. candidate in Russian Literature at the University of Toronto, gave a talk entitled, "Emma Andijewska's Roman pro dobru liudynu : The Displaced Persons Camp as Purgatory." &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In Andijewska's Roman, the Displaced Persons camp is introduced first in its historic sense — a place signifying political and physical-geographic displacement—but then is extended to represent a state of total psychic disturbance. Supported by a complex narrative mode in which semantic and symbolic confusion is deliberately created, Andij ewska suspends all standard literary expectations and judging mechanisms for the characters in the novel as well as for the reader. Social distinctions (intellectualism vs. simplicity); moral values; chronologically linear development; the distinction between dreams, visions, and reality; the efficacy of logical, as opposed to supernatural or irrational, explanations— all of these are eliminated. This allows for an investigation of the quality "goodness" which is entirely uninhibited and unqualified. Suspension of standards of judgment makes each event within the world of the camp equally meaningful in the growth process of its primary heroes; this compels the reader to pay equal attention to the minutae of detail and to the supposed "main events" in recognizing "the good person."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The symbol of purgatory is a useful one in characterizing the D.P. camp condition depicted by Andij ewska. Like the camp world, the purgatorial state is one within which rites of passage take place, eventually admitting a person into a better world. These rites, or developmental stages, are alike in both camp and purgatory because they are stripped of any socially defined elements, and have to do only with the inner moral growth of each separate personality.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Found in &lt;a href="http://cius-archives.ca/items/show/1572"&gt;CIUS &lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:13px;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;font-style:normal;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://cius-archives.ca/items/show/1572"&gt;Newsletter Vol 3 Issue 2 (Spring 1979)&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>CIUS</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="16718">
                <text>CIUS</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="16719">
                <text>March 19, 1979</text>
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                <text>Lisa Efimov-Schneider</text>
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                <text>English, Ukrainian</text>
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        <name>Camps</name>
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