1979: Ukraine since 1945: A Study in Modern History
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Lecture Audio Part 1 and 2<br /><br />The thirteenth annual Shevchenko Lecture at the University of Alberta was held on March 7, 1979. Dr. Roman Szporluk, professor of history at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, spoke on "Ukraine since 1945: A Study in Modem History ."<br /><br /> The end of World War II was a watershed in Ukrainian history: after long periods of separation almost all Ukrainian lands found themselves under one regime, whose central authorities in Moscow persecuted the Ukrainian intelligentsia. Even the Communist Party of Ukraine (CPU), which was also distrusted by the population, was also repressed. Due to internal migration there began a process of national integration as some regional differences diminished.<br /><br /> The period of destalinization in the 1950s saw the rehabilitation of both the CPU and the Ukrainian intelligentsia. A very important function was served by the Writers' Union of Ukraine which was used to legitimize the Soviet regime, but which also became a kind of alternate political centre. In contrast to the distrust of the previous period a rapprochement was attempted with western Ukraine. Although no less distrustful of Ukrainians the government realized that certain concessions had to be made. These took the form of an expansion in the number of Ukrainian publications made available and a diversification of Ukrainian audiences to whom publications were addressed. Increasingly, the intelligentsia acted as a link between the Soviet regime and the masses.<br /><br /> The early 1960s were a retreat from destalinization and brought with them a return of russification. However, this was resisted by a new alliance between the pro-Soviet element on the one hand, and the new generation of the intelligentsia on the other. The latter group found a forum in the press for their campaign in defence of the Ukrainian language. The government under P. Shelest, while mildly repressing dissidents (by Soviet standards), tried to implement some of their proposals.<br /><br /> Shelest's fall from power in 1972 ushered in an era of renewed and reinforced russification. Attempts at rapprochement between the regime and the Ukrainian nation, and implementation of a new Ukrainian-Russian relationship , were abandoned Instead of dealing with very real economic and social problems, the government continues to concern itself with nationality problems. In spite of L. Brezhnev's wishes the Ukrainian problem will not go away. The government is faced with a new nation which, though possibly slightly diminished in numbers, has more energy and a greater potential. / A lively discussion period followed Dr. Szporluk' s presentation. The Shevchenko lecture is sponsored by the Ukrainian Professional and Business Club of Edmonton and organized by the Institute.<br /><br />Found in <a href="http://cius-archives.ca/items/show/1572">CIUS </a><span style="font-size:13px;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;font-style:normal;"><a href="http://cius-archives.ca/items/show/1572">Newsletter Vol 3 Issue 2 (Spring 1979)</a> </span>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=CIUS">CIUS</a>
CIUS
March 7, 1979
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Roman+Szporluk">Roman Szporluk</a>
English, Ukrainian
Ivan Dziuba—From Internationalism or Russification to Facets of a Crystal
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<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Politics">Politics</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Ukrainian+Dissent">Ukrainian Dissent</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Russification">Russification</a>
CIUS Seminar Audio Part 1 and 2. <br /><br />The Institute's fourth seminar of the current academic year took place on November 17. Michael Savaryn, first year law student at the University of Alberta, spoke on "Ivan Dziuba—From International- ism or Russification to Facets of a Crystal. The writers of the 1960s gave Ukrainian cultural life a spark of inspiration.<br /><br /> Ivan Dziuba, a literary critic, symbolized the post-Stalin renaissance in Ukraine by becoming a political activist. For ten years, seemingly motivated by uncompromising conviction, Dziuba fearlessly criticized government policies; his actions culminated in the preparation and circulation of the now renowned dissertation Internationalism or Russification. Then, quite unexpectedly, Dziuba broke down under pressure and recanted.<br /><br /> Valentyn Moroz attributes this downfall to Dziuba's lack of fervent faith combined with too much logic and "realism." Leonid Pliushch, on the other hand, believes that Dziuba lacked the necessary ideological persistence, and that his arguments were overly emotional. There is also a third interpretation Dziuba was part of a reformist movement in Ukraine whose success depended on a strong lobby for reform and compromise by Ukraine's top political leaders. Indeed, Shelest, the first secretary of the C.P.U. , encouraged efforts to improve the status of the Ukrainian language in Ukraine, and Dziuba naturally became a fullblown political activist at a time when the system seemed to offer genuine opportunities for reform.<br /><br /> Two trends have been evident within the dissident movement in Ukraine: one consisted of reformists willing to compromise with the system while demanding reform, another consisted of uncompromising revolutionaries who lack contact with the political elite. When in 1972 the entire political elite in Ukraine was purged, Shelestivshchyna fell, and Dziuba, imprisoned at that time, saw his movement torn to shreds. He had become a dying remnant of a bygone era. Resistance was futile because his self-imposed duty was reformism, and he had adhered to it to the end of its possible life.<br /><br />Found in <a href="http://cius-archives.ca/items/show/1567">CIUS </a><span style="font-size:13px;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;font-style:normal;"><a href="http://cius-archives.ca/items/show/1567">Newsletter Vol 2 Issue 2 (Winter 1977)</a> </span>
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CIUS
November 3, 1977
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Michael+Savaryn">Michael Savaryn</a>
English, Ukrainian
Communism and the Dilemmas of National Liberation: The CP(b)U, 1919–33
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Communism">Communism</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Ukrainian+National+Liberation+Movement">Ukrainian National Liberation Movement</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Communist+Party+of+Ukraine">Communist Party of Ukraine</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=History">History</a>
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<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Socialism">Socialism</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Russification">Russification</a>
CIUS Seminar Audio Part 1 and 2.<br /><br />In his seminar, "Communism and the Dilemmas of National Liberation: The CP(b)U, 1919–33," James Mace, doctoral candidate in history. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, took the position that events in Ukraine after the Soviet revolution were and still are relevant to international developments. The first attempt in the world to reconcile socialism and nationalism failed in Ukraine because of the continuing dilemma between identity and purpose, and the inherent contradictions between the goals of socialism and nationalism. The speaker provided an overview of Bolshevik theories and practices before, during, and after the revolution by focusing on Lenin's writings and on the Bolsheviks' attitude towards Ukraine. The 1915 debate between Lev Iurkevych and Lenin foreshadowed the future conflicts which would arise between Ukrainian and Russian communists. / The Bolsheviks viewed Ukraine primarily as a source of food and acted accordingly—pillaging and expropriating grain during the civil war. Bolshevik policy then changed to "socialism with a Ukrainian face" to win popular support from the peasantry. The speaker focussed on the struggles between: the Bolsheviks and the Ukrainian "kulak" peasantry; voices for change from within the RCP (b) (i.e., Mazlakh, Shakhrai, and Lapchinsky); the merger of the "Ukapisty" and "Borotbisty" with the Bolsheviks; and debates about Ukrainization reflected in the writings of Ravich-Cherkassky, Iavorsky, Popov, Khvylovy, Shumsky, Volobuiev, and Skrypnyk. / The speaker concluded that attempts at Ukrainization ended after Stalin defeated his opposition and no longer needed the support of the non-Russian Bolsheviks. After collectivization and the famine, it was no longer necessary to placate the Ukrainian countryside; full-scale Russification could begin. The attempt to guarantee Ukrainian national aspirations through communism was only a surrogate for independence; it was a relative degree of political and economic autonomy dependent on the centralist powers in Moscow. The only major Ukrainian achievement of this period was in the cultural field, but this was thwarted by the wholesale destruction of the Ukrainian intelligentsia in the 1930s. Thus the dilemma of identity and purpose was never solved. Russian communism triumphed by repudiating the promises it had made to the non-Russian nationalities.<br /><br />Found in <a href="http://cius-archives.ca/items/show/1571">CIUS </a><span style="font-size:13px;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;font-style:normal;"><a href="http://cius-archives.ca/items/show/1571">Newsletter Vol 3 Issue 1 (Winter 1978)</a> </span>
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CIUS
October 16, 1978
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=James+E.+Mace%2C+James+Mace">James E. Mace, James Mace</a>
English, Ukrainian
<span style="font-size:13px;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;font-family:Arial;font-style:normal;">The Russian Communist Party and the Sovietization of Ukraine</span>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Russia%E2%80%93Ukraine">Russia–Ukraine</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Russification">Russification</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Soviet+Ukraine">Soviet Ukraine</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=History">History</a>
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<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Communism">Communism</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Culture">Culture</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Identity">Identity</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Politics">Politics</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Bolshevik+Revolution">Bolshevik Revolution</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Historiography">Historiography</a>
At the Institute's first seminar of the 1977-78 academic year on October 5, 1977, Dr. J Borys, professor in the Department of Political Science, University of Calgary, spoke about "The Russian Communist Party and the Sovietization of Ukraine." / In his presentation. Dr. Borys dealt with the manner in which the Soviet Russian sphere of influence had expanded into Ukraine, as a case study of the application of the Marxian-Leninist theory of the self-determination of nations in one of the most important regions of eastern Europe. After seizing power in Russia proper in 1917, the Russian Bolsheviks, contrary to their own theoretical premises and claims, began to reincorporate non-Russian territories into the new Soviet Russian empire. The introduction of control by Moscow in Ukraine, which by that time had established its own government, was the result of military conquest. Dr. Borys argued, and not, as Soviet historiography claims, of support from the Ukrainian proletariat. If it had not been for military assistance from outside, the local Bolsheviks would not have succeeded in establishing their control in Ukraine. / Dr. Borys has received a grant from the Institute to revise his book on the above topic, which was originally published in Stockholm, Sweden, in 1960.<br /><br /><a href="http://cius-archives.ca/items/show/1566">From CIUS Newsletter Vol 2 Issue 1 (Fall 1977)</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=CIUS">CIUS</a>
CIUS
October 5, 1977
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=37&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Jurij+Borys">Jurij Borys</a>
English, Ukrainian
Russian-Oriented Cities and the Russification of Urban Memory in Late Soviet and Post-Soviet Ukraine
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=George+O.+Liber">George O. Liber</a>
<em>JUS</em> Vol. 35-36
CIUS
2010-2011
English
Rusifikatsiia chy Malorosiianstvo?
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Ivan+Lysiak-Rudnytsky">Ivan Lysiak-Rudnytsky</a>
JUS Vol 3 Issue 1
CIUS
Spring 1978
Ukrainian
Tezy pro Rusyfikatsiiu
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Vsevolod+Houbnychy">Vsevolod Houbnychy</a>
JUS Vol 2 Issue 2
CIUS
Fall 1977
Ukrainian